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The effects of cyanobacteria aqueous extracts containing Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the seed germination and growth of Pisum sativum, Lens esculenta, Zea mays and Triticum durum were investigated. Experiments were carried out on a range of doses of the extract (equivalent to 0, 1.6, 2.9, 5.8, 8.7 and 11.6 mu g MC-LR/mL). The results confirm that these plants were sensitive to cell-free extracts of a toxic Microcystis and that germination inhibition was dose dependent. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that P. sativum is the most sensitive tested species with a 97% germination rate reduction and L. esculenta was the most resistant. At the 8th day, the exposure to the microcystins (MC) resulted in a significant decrease of plant epicotyls length, roots length and a net inhibition of lateral root formation. It is concluded that MC could affect also terrestrial plants seedling germination and growth. Therefore, the use of water for irrigation contaminated by MC could exert negative biochemical effects on seed and plant metabolism which might influence the agricultural crops.

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This paper presents results of two years of investigations on three types of wastewater stabilization pond treatment systems, purifying a raw urban wastewater, in the arid climate of Marrakesh. The systems tested were: two lined water hyacinth ponds, two lined facultative ponds and one anaerobic pond. During the course of the experiment, organic load, nutrients and parasitical load were studied. Results show that the macrophytic ponds were more efficient to reduce organic load (90% of TSS and 78% of COD) that the microphtic ponds; these ones were more efficient to eliminate nutrients (NTK 71%, NH4 60%, Ptotal 80% and PO4 62%). The anaerobic pond presents a lower efficiency, less than 40% for organic and less than 20% for nutrients. About sanitary concerns, all of the year, the macrophytic and microphytic pond effluents correspond to B category (WHO, 1989). The anaerobic pond yields B category effluent except in autumn when it corresponds to C category.

BACKGROUND The aim of this work is the detection and quantification of bioaccumulated thiamethoxam (THM) in Zea mays at a silver electrode using square‐wave voltammetry. Thiamethoxam bioaccumulation and plant development were followed for 10 days from germination to seedling growth. Germination rate, accumulation rate, root length, and plant length were used as indicators. All experiments were carried out using several concentrations of THM (5.0 × 10−4, 1.0 × 10−3, 5.0 × 10−3, 3.4 × 10−2 and 5.0 × 10−2 mol L−1). RESULTS The results confirm that Zea mays was sensitive to this insecticide and that germination and growth inhibition were dose dependent. The efficiency and utility of the proposed method were discussed. The current intensity increases linearly with an increase in the THM bioaccumulated in Zea mays. After 10 days,the recovery results of the extraction of THM from zea Mayes samples spiked with different concentrations were encouraging. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 9.58 × 10−6 mol L−1 (3*SD/B) and 3.13 × 10−5 mol L−1 (10*SD/B). The precision was 2.67% for eight repetitions in a solution of 3.5 × 10−4 mol L−1 THM. Histological tests were also performed to confirm the effect of THM on the plant and showed that exposure to THM induced a net histological modification in the primary root tissue of Zea mays. CONCLUSION The use of THM can affect the quality of the plant crop yield, and its accumulation in edible plants could pose a potential risk for human and animal health if the insecticide intake were to exceed the recommended tolerable limits. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Dans le but d'étudier la dynamique des microalgues dans le lagunage naturel de Ouarzazate (sud du Maroc) et éventuellement sa modélisation, nous avons eu recours à la détermination des paramètres de croissance (µmax, Iopt et b) selon le modèle de PEETERS et EILERS (1978). À cet effet, Micractinium pusillum, algue verte Chlorococcale se développant dans les bassins de lagunage de la station pilote de Ouarzazate, a été isolée et mise en culture sur milieu synthétique (DAUTA, 1982) enrichi en azote et en phosphore sous des conditions contrôlées de lumière et de température.En autotrophie, l'application du modèle de PEETERS et EILERS (1978) à la croissance de Micractinium pusillum, a permis la détermination des paramètres : µmax (0,58 j-1), I opt (182 µE·m-z·s-1) et b (0,1) à la température maximale de croissance de 35 °C. En mixotrophie et à la même température, ces paramètres sont respectivement de 0,85 j-1, 150 µE·m-z ·s-1 et 1. Comparativement à la croissance en autotrophie, la croissance de Micractinium pusillum en mixotrophie, en présence d'acétate, a mis en évidence la variation, selon le régime trophique de l'algue, des paramètres de croissance µmax, Iopt et b. La croissance en mixotrophie, comportement probable dans le lagunage naturel, a conduit particulièrement à l'élévation du taux de croissance et du coefficient b. La variation du coefficient b traduirait une certaine sténophotie de la microalgue en autotrophie et une tendance à l'euryphotie en mixotrophie. Cette étude a montré également que l'influence de l'intensité lumineuse sur la croissance varie en fonction du mode trophique.In the wastewater stabilization pond, the growth of the microalgae depends on several factors such as temperature, light and nutriments. In addition to these factors, the presence of the organic matter has great influence on the development in such system. In the aim to study the dynamic of the microalgae in the wastewater stabilization pond of Ouarzazate city (south of Morocco) and possibly its modelling, the determination of the growth parameters (µmax, Iopt and b) has been carried out according to the model of PEETERS and EILERS (1978). Indeed, Micractinium pusillum, a Chlorococcal green algae developing in the experimental wastewater stabilization pond of Ouarzazate city has been isolated and cultured under controlled conditions of light and temperature on synthetic medium (DAUTA, 1982) enriched in nitrogen and phosphorus.In autotrophic conditions, application of the PEETERS and EILERS model to the growth of Micractinium pusillum, resulted in the determination of the parameters: µmax (0,58 day-1), Iopt (182 µE·m-z·s-1) and b (0,1) using the maximal growth temperature of 35°C. In mixotrophic conditions under the same temperature, these parameters were respectively 0,85 day-1, 150 µE·m-z ·s-1 and 1. According to the trophic mode, the growth of Micractinium pusillum revealed a variation of the parameters µmax, Iopt and b. The mixotrophic growth, probable behaviour in the wastewater stabilization pond, has induced particularly ...