This paper presents results of two years of investigations on three types of wastewater stabilization pond treatment systems, purifying a raw urban wastewater, in the arid climate of Marrakesh. The systems tested were: two lined water hyacinth ponds, two lined facultative ponds and one anaerobic pond. During the course of the experiment, organic load, nutrients and parasitical load were studied. Results show that the macrophytic ponds were more efficient to reduce organic load (90% of TSS and 78% of COD) that the microphtic ponds; these ones were more efficient to eliminate nutrients (NTK 71%, NH4 60%, Ptotal 80% and PO4 62%). The anaerobic pond presents a lower efficiency, less than 40% for organic and less than 20% for nutrients. About sanitary concerns, all of the year, the macrophytic and microphytic pond effluents correspond to B category (WHO, 1989). The anaerobic pond yields B category effluent except in autumn when it corresponds to C category.
<p>Excess phosphorus (P) in wastewater can produce eutrophication, posing a serious risk to the safety of water resources and ecosystems. Therefore, effective pollutant removal including P from wastewater is the key strategy to save the environment and public health. Multi-soil-layering (MSL) is a promising nature-based technology that mainly relies on a soil mixture containing iron to remove P-pollution from wastewater. Fifteen water quality parameters were monitored in the MSL influent to determine which ones have the strongest relationship with total phosphorus (TP) removal. The influence of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and climatic variables on the removal of TP was investigated. Three data-driven methods including multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF) were conducted to predict TP removal at the MSL system outlet. In contrast to climatic variables, the results reveal that the HLR has a significant impact (p <0.05) on TP removal (47%-90%) in the MSL system. Furthermore, using a feature selection technique, the HLR, pH, orthophosphate, and TP were suggested as the relevant input variables affecting TP removal in the MSL system, while an examination of accuracy shows that the RF model achieves good prediction accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94).</p>
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