Physiological changes in Triticum durum, Zea mays, Pisum sativum and Lens esculenta cultivars, caused by irrigation with water contaminated with microcystins: A laboratory experimental approach

Saqrane, S.; Ouahid, Youness; Ghazali, Issam El; Oudra, Brahim; Bouarab, L.; Campo, Francisca F. del

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.028

Cited by 91 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The difference in sensitivity to MC found in this study has already been observed for other plant species (Saqrane et al, 2009) and even for strains of the same species (Pflugmacher et al, 2007). Saqrane et al (2008) observed a germination of 74.7% for lentils (Lens esculenta), and only 3% germination for peas (Pisum sativum), when exposed to 11,600 µg.L -1 of MC-LR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Sensitivity of salad greens (Lactuca sativa L. and Eruca sativa Mill.) exposed to crude extracts of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria

et al. 2015

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We evaluated the effect of crude extracts of the microcystin-producing (MC+) cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa on seed germination and initial development of lettuce and arugula, at concentrations between 0.5 μg.L -1 and 100 μg.L -1 of MC-LR equivalent, and compared it to crude extracts of the same species without the toxin (MC-). Crude extracts of the cyanobacteria with MC (+) and without MC (-) caused different effects on seed germination and initial development of the salad green seedlings, lettuce being more sensitive to both extracts when compared to arugula. Crude extracts of M. aeruginosa (MC+) caused more evident effects on seed germination and initial development of both species of salad greens than MC-. Concentrations of 75 μg.L -1 and 100 μg.L -1 of MC-LR equivalent induced a greater occurrence of abnormal seedlings in lettuce, due to necrosis of the radicle and shortening of this organ in normal seedlings, as well as the reduction in total chlorophyll content and increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POD). The MC-extract caused no harmful effects to seed germination and initial development of seedlings of arugula. However, in lettuce, it caused elevation of POD enzyme activity, decrease in seed germination at concentrations of 75 μg.L -1 (MC-75) and 100 μg.L -1 (MC-100), and shortening of the radicle length, suggesting that other compounds present in the cyanobacteria extracts contributed to this result. Crude extracts of M. aeruginosa (MC-) may contain other compounds, besides the cyanotoxins, capable of causing inhibitory or stimulatory effects on seed germination and initial development of salad green seedlings. Arugula was more sensitive to the crude extracts of M. aeruginosa (MC+) and (MC-) and to other possible compounds produced by the cyanobacteria.Keywords: salad greens, irrigation, microcystin, productivity. Sensibilidade de hortaliças (Lactuca sativa L. e Eruca sativa Mill.) à exposição de extratos brutos de cianobactéria tóxica e não tóxica ResumoAnalisamos os efeitos de extratos brutos da cianobactéria M. aeruginosa, produtora de microcistinas (MC+), na germinação de sementes e no desenvolvimento de plântulas de alface e rúcula, em concentrações de 0,5 a 100 μg.L -1 de MC-LR equivalente e comparamos com extrato brutos da mesma espécie sem a toxina (MC-). Extratos brutos de cianobactérias com MC (+) e sem MC (-) causaram efeitos diferentes na germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de hortaliças, sendo que a alface apresentou maior sensibilidade a ambos os extratos comparando-se com a rúcula. Extratos brutos de M. aeruginosa (MC+) causaram efeitos mais evidentes sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de hortaliças do que os (MC-). Concentrações de 75 e 100 μg.L -1 de MC-LR equivalente induziram maior ocorrência de plântulas anormais na alface devido ao aparecimento de necrose na radícula e seu encurtamento nas plântulas normais, bem como a redução no teor de clorofila total e aumento na atividade da enzima antioxidan...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, the toxin interferes with the metabolism of the seedlings (Saqrane et al, 2009), causing necroses (Chen et al, 2004, M-Hamvas et al, 2003. However, it should be noted that cyanobacteria produce several compounds other than cyanotoxins (Leão et al, 2012), the function of which is still unknown, as are their effects on plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of salad greens (Lactuca sativa L. and Eruca sativa Mill.) exposed to crude extracts of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria

et al. 2015

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“…Saqrane et al (2009) observed that plants, irrigated every third day for thirty days with the crude extract from bloom cells containing six variants of microcystin at concentrations of 500, 1,050 and 4,200 mg L -1 , accumulated different amounts of the toxin in their organs.…”

Section: Diverse Effects Of Microcystins On Terrestrial Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity associated to microcystins: a review

et al. 2014

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Microcystins (MC) are the most studied toxins of cyanobacteria since they are widely distributed and account for several cases of human and animal poisoning, being potent inhibitors of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). The phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are also present in plants, which may also suffer adverse effects due to the inhibition of these enzymes. In aquatic plants, biomass reduction is usually observed after absorption of cyanotoxins, which can bioaccumulate in its tissues. In terrestrial plants, the effects caused by microcystins vary from inhibition to stimulation as the individuals develop from seedling to adult, and include reduction of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, oxidative stress, decreased photosynthetic activity and even cell apoptosis, as well as bioaccumulation in plant tissues. Thus, the irrigation of crop plants by water contaminated with microcystins is not only an economic problem but becomes a public health issue because of the possibility of food contamination, and this route of exposure requires careful monitoring by the responsible authorities.Keywords: bioaccumulation, microcystins effects, crop plants, aquatic plants. Fitotocixidade associada às microcistinas: uma revisão ResumoMicrocistinas (MC) são as toxinas de cianobactérias mais estudadas, uma vez que são amplamente distribuídas e responsáveis por vários casos de intoxicação humana e animal. São potentes inibidoras das proteínas fosfatases serina/treonina 1 (PP1) e 2A (PP2A). As fosfatases PP1 e PP2A também estão presentes em plantas, as quais podem sofrer efeitos adversos devido à inibição dessas enzimas. Em plantas aquáticas, a redução da biomassa é geralmente observada após absorção de cianotoxinas que podem bioacumular em seus tecidos. Em plantas terrestres, os efeitos causados pelas microcistinas variam de inibição ao estímulo, como no desenvolvimento de plântulas ao estádio adulto, e incluem a redução de proteínas fosfatases 1 e 2A, estresse oxidativo, diminuição da atividade fotossintética e até mesmo apoptose celular, bem como a bioacumulação em tecidos de plantas. Assim, a irrigação de plantas cultivadas com água contaminada com microcistina não é apenas um problema econômico, mas torna-se um problema de saúde pública, devido à possibilidade de contaminação dos alimento, sendo uma via de exposição que requer um monitoramento cuidadoso por parte das autoridades responsáveis.Palavras-chave: bioacumulação, efeitos de microcistinas, plantas da agricultura, plantas aquáticas.

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“…Consequently, both plant yield and quality are affected. Furthermore, if the MC absorption exceeds the recommended tolerable limits, the affected plant might pose a risk for human and animal health (36).…”

Section: Terrestrial and Aquatic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seedling exposure to cyanotoxins can cause growth inhibitions in a variety of terrestrial plants ( [41][42][43][44]. The growth, development, photosynthetic activity, productivity, and mineral nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum), maize (Zea mays), pea (Pisum sativum), and lentil (Lens esculenta) cultivars was also found to be diversely affected by a cyanobacterial extract with MC-LR (36). It was also noted that, both submerged and emergent, aquatic plants absorb MC-LR from low external concentrations, and accumulate it in the shoot tissue (39,45,46).…”

Section: Terrestrial and Aquatic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure to Cyanotoxins and their Effects on Health

Drobac

Tokodi

Simeunović

et al. 2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

114

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Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. They pose a threat to human health and the environment. This review summarises the existing data on human exposure to cyanotoxins through drinking water, recreational activities (e.g., swimming, canoeing or bathing), the aquatic food web, terrestrial plants, food supplements, and haemodialysis. Furthermore, it discusses the tolerable daily intake and guideline values for cyanotoxins (especially microcystins) as well as the need to implement risk management measures via national and international legislation.

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Physiological changes in Triticum durum, Zea mays, Pisum sativum and Lens esculenta cultivars, caused by irrigation with water contaminated with microcystins: A laboratory experimental approach

Cited by 91 publications

References 25 publications

Sensitivity of salad greens (Lactuca sativa L. and Eruca sativa Mill.) exposed to crude extracts of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria

Sensitivity of salad greens (Lactuca sativa L. and Eruca sativa Mill.) exposed to crude extracts of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria

Phytotoxicity associated to microcystins: a review

Human Exposure to Cyanotoxins and their Effects on Health

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