No abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections worldwide and the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility varies widely in different geographical regions depending on the antibiotic policies. Aim: To know the bacteriological profile of UTIs and the antibiogram of uropathogens in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: This study was prospective and conducted at tertiary care center in one year study duration (2015). All the patients clinically suspected of having UTI were enrolled, culture and sensitivity was performed as per standard protocol, irrespective of age, sex, indoor/outdoor and associated illnesses. Results: In a total of 2217 patients, 967 (43.61 %) were positive for uropathogen by culture, and positivity in female was high (46.48%) as compared to male (38.46%). Escherichia coli was the most common 346 (35.80 %) uropathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 183 (18.92%) and Enterococcus species 125 (12.92%). Gram negative isolates were most sensitive to imipenem (92%), ceftazidime-clavulanic acid (71%), piperacillin-tazobactam (68%), amikacin (60%), followed by nitrofurantoin (56%). Gram positive isolates were most sensitive to vancomycin (91%) followed by linezolid (80%) and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (45 %). Conclusion: UTI is a very common problem and rate of antibiotic resistance is relatively high. Imipenem, ceftazidimeclavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid, were found sensitive against isolated uropathogens.

No abstract

<p>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is the application of ultrasound contrast medium to traditional medical sonography. Ultrasound contrast agents rely on the different ways in which sound waves are reflected from interfaces between substances. This may be the surface of a small air bubble or a more complex structure. Commercially available contrast media are gas-filled microbubbles that are administered intravenously to the systemic circulation. Microbubbles have a high degree of echogenicity (the ability of an object to reflect ultrasound waves). There is a great difference in echogenicity between the gas in the microbubbles and the soft tissue surroundings of the body. Thus, ultrasonic imaging using microbubble contrast agents enhances the ultrasound backscatter, (reflection) of the ultrasound waves, to produce a sonogram with increased contrast due to the high echogenicity difference. CEUS can be used to image blood perfusion in organs, measure blood flow rate in the heart and other organs, and for other applications.</p>

<p>Hydrotherapy is the use of water in the treatment of diseases. It is an effective method of detoxification. It was formerly called hydropathy. Water comprises from 75% body weight in infants to 55% in elderly and is essential for cellular homeostasis and life. The use of water for therapy has been around for hundreds of years. The theory behind it is that water has many properties that give it the ability to heal:water can store and carry heat and energy. Though water fasting offers the quickest detox and strongest therapeutic effect, it is no doubt the most challenging fast to perform in the first few days.</p>