This study attempts to discuss the profile of brave learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) validity and reliability of instrument; (2) interesting learning for students; (3) implementation of learning; (3) strengths and weaknesses of learning; and (4) application that matches the learning profile and the condition of the existing internet network. The participant of this study were students and lecturers supporting courses in the Building Engineering Education study program. Data collection uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The questionnaire was given by online to 67 students and 6 lecturers. The result of this research shows that (1) questionnaire instruments have been tested as valid and reliable; (2) online learning is not all interesting; (3) online learning has been implemented, but some lecturers have problems when making corrections, the condition of the internet network in some regions is not smooth enough to be an obstacle for students to access applications; (4) using of the application adjusts the online learning profile and the condition of the internet network in the area. The conclusion reveals that applications of online learning must be easily accessible, used, interesting, and needs to be combined with several applications to provide the perfection of delivery and acceptance of material in teaching and learning activities.
The Unesa Ketintang Campus in Surabaya City is in lowland with an altitude between 3-4 m above sea level. Every rainy season arrives in this area frequent flooding. Puddles that occurred in 2013 with a long pool of ± 4 hours. Efforts have been made in 2014 to tackle flooding by raising paving pairs in open fields and roads and making reservoirs of ± 0.6 ha in the Unesa Ketintang Campus environment, normalizing the channel and installing pump houses to support the process of accelerating the reduction of standing water happen. However, still standing water (2014, 2015, and 2016) with a pool of ± 2 hours. The condition of the campus location which is lower than the condition of the surrounding area causes waterlogging and flooding in the study area. This study proposes a flood mitigation model using interconnection of the pump house system to reduce waterlogging, accelerate the water flowing process, and still optimize the operation and function of existing reservoirs. Water pump interconnected Pump House P1 to P8, namely: Unesa I Water Pump House (P1) functions to drain water from the campus area to reservoir campus, then in Unesa II Water Pump House (P2) serves to drain water from reservoir campus, which is flowed south towards the Wonorejo Primary channel through the Water Pump House (P3) and partially forwarded to the north of the Kalimir Jagir Water Pump House (P4), while eastward to drain water from the Wonorejo Primary channel to the Jemursari Prapen Water Pump House (P5 ) serves to help drain water from the Wonorejo Primary channel towards Jagir River, the Water Pump House Wonorejo I (P6) has a capacity of 8.9 m ^ 3 / sec to accelerate the flow of water to the Water Pump House Wonorejo II (P7), Pump House Water Wonorejo II (P7) is used to accelerate the flow towards reservoir Wonorejo, and the reservoir Wonorejo Water Pump House (P8) serves to accelerate the flow of water to reservoir Wonorejo to be forwarded to the sea. Interconnection of the water pump system is able to overcome waterlogging and inundation problems.
Muhammad Umer Chapra is among leading experts in Islamic economics. He published many well-known books, such as The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective, which reconstructed Ibn Khaldun's classical thinking and aimed to direct how the economic development of a country should be carried out. He also published a research paper entitled “The Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīảh” as formulation on how to implement goals of shariah in economic development or maqashid al shariah. Muamalah activities, such as economic development, cannot be separated from the context of maqashid al shariah. This study aims to analyze whether the theory constructed by Chapra follows the principles of maqashid al shariah as proposed by other Muslim scholars: Al-Shatibi and Jasser Auda. Furthermore, it also analyzes Chapra’s thoughts with correspondence to five fiqh legal maxims or qawaidh fiqhiyah. This study applied traditional or narrative review as a method of analysis. The results show that Chapra’s thoughts aligned with maqashid al shariah as proposed by Al-Shatibi and Jasser Auda and with the five fiqh legal maxims.
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