Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application in combination with other antagonist microbes as biopesticide have been considered in many crops. Our research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these useful combinations with the carrying agent for growth promotion, thus lowering white rust incidence in chrysanthemum production. The experiment was carried out at three cooperative farmer sites located in Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia from January to December 2016. The production process was arranged in a paired treatment; a combination of PGPR and antagonist fungi (without supplemental chemical fertilizers and fungicide), furtherly called biofungicide and common farmer practices. The results showed that the application of biofungicide promoted equal plant growth quality as common practices. White rust incidency was lower at biofungicide treatment sites, thus increased the markertable flowers quantity. The production cost was considered more efficient in biofungicide sites, due to cheaper price of biofungicide than chemical fertilizers and fungicide. The increase of marketable stalks and cost efficiency led to an increase of net income of biofungicide based production as also viewed from higher Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) than common farmer practices.

<p>Consumer demands on safe agricultural products have made the shifting of the production system to be more environmental friendly. An attempt to reduce or totally substitute chemical fertilizers and pesticides on agricultural production process was through the utilization of potential microbes. The purpose of the study was to provide information on potential microbial species that can be used as active ingredients of biofertilizers and biopesticides. The mechanisms of action have been studied, both directly and indirectly, in protecting the plant from pest and disease attacks. Several of these microbes also functioned as decomposer that might improve soil characteristic and nutrient availability for the crops. The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development for has released formulated biopesticides and bio fertilizers with the active ingredients isolated from agricultural production centers. The application of these biopesticides and biofertilizers have been effectively controlled important diseases in horticultural crops, i.e. Bio Nutri-V could suppress white rust disease (Puccinia horina Henn) 32.15% in chrysanthemum and increased 25% and 34% harvestable products in chrysanthemum and potato, respectively, compared with synthetic fungicide. The utilization of biopesticides and biofertilizers is expected to improve the competitiveness of national agricultural commodities by utilizing natural resources to support highly competitive and sustainable agricultural industries.</p><p>Keywords: Microbes, biofertilizer, biopesticide, vegetable, ornamentals, horticulture.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tuntutan konsumen terhadap keamanan produk pertanian menuntut pula perlunya proses produksi dilakukan secara ramah lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi atau mensubstitusi penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida kimia sintetik ialah memanfaatkan mikroba. Makalah ini membahas spesies mikroba yang berpotensi dan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan aktif pupuk dan pestisida hayati. Berbagai spesies mikroba dari kelompok cendawan dan bakteri telah berhasil diisolasi dan dievaluasi keefektifannya sebagai bahan aktif pupuk dan pestisida hayati yang efektif. Mikroba pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dengan mekanisme langsung maupun tidak langsung mampu menginduksi pertumbuhan tanaman dan beberapa mikroba juga berfungsi sebagai dekomposer, sehingga membantu penyediaan unsur hara bagi tanaman. Badan Litbang Pertanian telah menghasilkan beberapa formulasi pupuk hayati dan biopestisida dengan bahan aktif mikrobe yang diisolasi dari sentra produksi pertanian. Aplikasi pupuk dan pestisida hayati tersebut efektif mengendalikan penyakit penting tanaman hias, seperti Bio Nutri- V dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit karat putih (Puccinia horina Henn) pada krisan 32,2% dan mempertahankan hasil panen kentang dan krisan masing-masing 25% dan 34% dibandingkan dengan aplikasi fungisida kimia sintetik. Pengembangan pupuk dan pestisida hayati yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya saing komoditas pertanian melalui sistem produksi ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam secara optimal guna mendukung industri pertanian berdaya saing dan berkelanjutan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Mikroba, pupuk hayati, biopestisida, sayuran, tanaman hias, hortikultura.</p>

The introduction of new varieties and production system of anthuriums has faced some problems due to the low multiplication rates in conventional vegetative and genotypic alteration problem in reproductive propagation. Since then, in vitro propagation technique became important to be investigated. The research was carried out from September 2006 to August 2007 at the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute. A complete factorial experiment was designed to accomplish two chronological in vitro activities. The first step dealt with different incubation sites, i.e. dark and light conditions for callus induction of three potted anthurium accessions, namely clone no. SM. 001, cv. Alphine and cv. Bonito. The best callus obtained from the incubation treatment were then, transferred into defined media with different formulations to get free-callus plantlets in the second steps. The results showed that more progressive callus development from spathe explant was detected on the media of modified Nitsch and Nitsch + 1 mg/l 2,D + 1 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l BA stored at dark after 60 days incubation. After 45 days transferring the callus in the same media on light conditions, torpedo-shaped callus was detected. Complete planlets were obtained after 75 days reculturing the buds in Nitsch and Nitsch medium containing 2,4 D with various BA concentrations. Clone SM. 001 and cv. Bonito showed higher number of visible shoot and root developments compared to cv. Alphine. In general, better shoot and root developments and higher planlets survived after acclimatization were observed on the BA concentrations of 2 and 3 mg/l.

Cultivation of chrysanthemum at low elevation was one effort to expand potential production areas. Under these circumstances, several environmental conditions might not be as conducive as in highland and deviate the plant from the original characters and potential yield. Fifteen promising variants derived from an unconventional breeding program were evaluated at two different elevations; 1100 and 250 m above sea level (asl) at Cianjur-West Java, Indonesia during hot season from April to September 2016. The experiment was designed as progenital selection to seek the adaptive genotypes on the targeted sites. The results showed that varietal differences existed among the tested clones when grown under highland and lowland. At lowland (250 m asl), all clones showed growth retardation expressed by the reduction of flower qualities with different degrees among genotypes. In standard group, only 2015-9 and 2015-15 that produced unchanged flower color, with acceptable plant height standard for cut flower. While in spray type, all tested clones produced flower with degraded floret color.

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White rust caused by fungal pathogen Puccinia horiana P. Henn. is one devastated disease that could make significant economic loss in chrysanthemum production. The study of effects of varieties, cutting health and fungicide application on chrysanthemum white rust was established. The treatments were arranged in split-split plot completely randomized design with three replications. Three chrysanthemum varieties i.e. cv. Puma White, Reagent Purple and Town Talk served as main plot. Seedlings with 20 % intensity of white rust infection and symptomless functioned as sub plot, while fungicide application on the transplanted cutting (no fungicide) and dithiocarbamate (Antracol R 75 WP, 2 g L -1 ) application served as sub-sub plot. Result showed genetic background of the cultivars significantly determined the degree of infection of white rust. Reagent Purple exhibited least disease intensities. Fungicide application was less effective in controlling white rust development, yet gave significant impact on the plant height and number of leaves of chrysanthemum plants. Cuttings selection based on the visual observation on the presence or absence of white rust pustules symptom did not gave significant differences on the further development of the disease. The symptomless cuttings were also infected with this fungal disease after the cuttings were planted under plastic house.

INTRODUCTIONChrysanthemum (Dendranthema gradiflora [Ramat.] Kitam.) is one of famous ornamental cut flowers in almost all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Longer vase life of chrysanthemum cut flower is one of preferable quality traits in marketing for growers, retailers and consumers (Bayat, Aminifard, 2017). Various preservative solutions containing antibiotics (bactericide and/ or fungicide), growth regulators, inhibitors like ethylene or abscisic acid, carbohydrates (Clark et al., 2010;Dole, Carlson, Crawford, & McCall, 2013;Elbimabi, 2011), and mineral compounds (Banjaw, 2017) are commonly employed to prevent the wilting, thus prolong the cut flower fresh life.The termination of fresh life is indicated by wilting (Azizi, Onsinejad, & Kaviani, 2015). Wilting of leaves and florets are mostly generated by