Marginal land in Indonesia is potential for agribusiness development, but it has not been well managed. At present, 17.1 million hectares or 22.8 percent of dry-land areas are cultivated for agriculture. Objectives of this research were to analyze the factors affecting: (1) perceptions of farmers towards extension, (2) farmers' perceptions on innovation characteristics, and (3) farmers' decision in adopting the technology. The research used an explanatory survey method. Units of analysis were individuals, and the sample farmers were the respondents. The population in this study was all farmers in the villages of the districts of Talaga (Cianjur Regency) and Jatiwangi (Garut Regency). Number of samples was determined using Slovin's formula with total samples of 302 respondents. Sampling method of this research employed that of stratified random. Data were collected from December 2008 to March 2009. Analyses of the data consisted of: (1) descriptive data analysis, i.e. frequency distribution and Odds ratio, and (2) inferential data analysis, i.e. Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. Results of the study showed that: (1) Factors influencing the perception of adopting-farmers toward extension were mobility, intelligence, and risk-taking levels, and cooperation, while those for non-adopting farmers were purchasing power, cooperation, exposure to the media, and availability of financial facilities; (2) Factors influencing the perception of adoptingfarmers' on innovation characteristics were income level, land use, attitude toward change, competence and role of extension agents, while those for non-adopting farmers were intelligence, risk-taking, cosmopolite levels, inputs availability, and marketing facilities; (3) Factors affecting farmers' decisions to adopt technology for adoptingfarmers were relative advantage, compatibility of technology, and their perceptions on media influence/interpersonal information, while those for non-adopting farmers were conformity and complexity of technology, and their perceptions on media influence/ interpersonal information. Key words : innovation characteristics, integrated farming, marginal land ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki potensi lahan pertanian marjinal untuk pengembangan agribisnis, namun belum dimanfaatkan dan dikelola dengan baik. Saat ini 17,1 juta hektar atau 22,8 persen dari lahan kering tersebut dibudidayakan untuk pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji persepsi petani terhadap penyuluhan dan
<p>Dissemination of innovation of research results/agricultural assessment is an important communication activity in the process. Problems of dissemination agricultural innovation with technology adoption department, aerial result and socio-economic development of farmers. The gap between ideal conditions and the conditions under construction is an interesting thing to look at. This paper is for the process and implementation of dissemination of agricultural innovation, strategy dissemination of agricultural innovation. This paper is a review of some relevant literature and research results. The strategy of dissemination of agricultural innovation can be divided into two, while at the central and regional levels with the understanding of user innovation and the needs or preferences of users of agricultural innovation. Sources of agricultural innovation at the central level derived from IAARD and as a user are BPPSDMP, technical directorate general, business actors (industry / business / private), and main actors (farmers). The dissemination channels that can be done are dominated through electronic media with extensive coverage and print media (books and journals), as well as some interpersonal media (meeting and meeting forums). The support of facilities and facilities becomes a decisive tool for the user's ability to access agricultural innovation. The source of agricultural innovation at the regional level is BPTP with village extensionists as intermediate users and farmers as end users. The role of extensionists and community leaders as motivators is still dominant at the farm level. Thus dissemination channels can be done through interpersonal media such as demonstration plots, technology titles, field meetings, or group meetings. At the level of the Region that is urgently needed.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Diseminasi inovasi hasil penelitian dan pengkajian pertanian merupakan aktivitas komunikasi yang penting dalam mendorong terjadinya proses penyebaran dan penerapan teknologi dalam suatu sistem sosial pedesaan. Permasalahan diseminasi inovasi pertanian umumnya terkait dengan kesenjangan adopsi teknologi, kesenjangan hasil dan kendala sosial-ekonomi petani. Kesenjangan antara kondisi ideal dengan kondisi riil dalam implementasi diseminasi inovasi pertanian merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dicermati. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi proses dan implementasi diseminasi inovasi pertanian, dan merekomendasikan strategi diseminasi inovasi pertanian. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil review dari beberapa literatur dan hasil penelitian yang relevan. Strategi diseminasi inovasi pertanian dapat dipilah menjadi dua, yakni di tingkat pusat dan daerah dengan memperhatikan pengguna inovasi dan kebutuhan atau preferensi pengguna inovasi pertanian. Sumber inovasi pertanian di tingkat pusat berasal dari Badan Litbang Pertanian dan sebagai pengguna adalah BPPSDMP, direktorat jenderal teknis, pelaku usaha (industri/pengusaha/swasta), dan pelaku utama (petani). Saluran diseminasi yang digunakan dapat didominasi melalui media elektronik dengan daya jangkau yang luas dan media cetak, serta sebagian berupa media interpersonal (forum pertemuan seperti rapat pimpinan maupun pameran). Dukungan ketersediaan prasarana dan sarana berupa jaringan internet dan perangkatnya menjadi faktor penentu bagi kemampuan pengguna dalam mengakses inovasi pertanian. Sumber inovasi pertanian di tingkat daerah adalah BPTP dengan Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan sebagai pengguna antara dan petani sebagai pengguna akhir. Peran penyuluh dan tokoh masyarakat sebagai motivator masih dominan di tingkat petani. Dengan demikian, saluran diseminasi yang digunakan dapat didominasi melalui media interpersonal seperti demplot, gelar teknologi, temu lapang, ataupun pertemuan kelompok. Di tingkat daerah dukungan kelembagaan petani yang dinamis sangat diperlukan. </p>
Indonesian chili faces some problems in increasing production, added value, and competitiveness of chili products, mainly in terms of quantity, quality, and continuity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the private and social profitability of chili farming, (2) to analyze the chili competitiveness from both competitive and comparative advantage perspectives, (3) to examine government policy impact on chili performance, and (4) to formulate strategies to encourage chili development in Indonesia. The results of the policy analysis matrix revealed that chili farming in Indonesia’s production centers is profitable, both privately and socially. It also has competitiveness, both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitiveness occurs in Bandung district, West Java, with a coefficient of private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.416 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.269. Meanwhile, the lowest competitiveness occurs in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, with a PCR coefficient of 0.857 and a DRCR of 0.556. This study also concluded that for Indonesia, it is more profitable to increase domestic chili production than importing from abroad. Strategic policies for chili development can be implemented by using hybrid seeds, complete and balanced fertilization, improving irrigation infrastructure and farming roads, increasing the capacity of farmers’ resources, and expanding the objectives and market segments.
Changes in strategic environment indicated by trade liberalization, regional autonomy, consumer preference, and environmental sustainability, require conduct adjustment of horticulture agribusiness partnership institutions. This review focuses: (1) the concept of competitiveness and importance of partnership; (2) status of competitiveness of some Indonesian horticultural commodities; (3) formulating critical nodes of competitive business partnership; (4) efforts to realize comparative advantage into competitive advantage through business partnership. In general, horticultural commodities have both comparative and competitive advantages, but its comparative advantage parameters are less than those competitive advantage. It indicates that horticulture farmers pay higher costs of inputs or receive lower price of their outputs than they have to. The fact shows that domestic horticulture products get difficulty in penetrating Singapore and Malaysia' markets due to low quality, irregular supply, significant losses during transportation, and unfavorable domestic political circumstance. Strategy of horticulture agribusiness partnership institutions through satisfactory social process based on mutual interest will change comparative advantage into competitive advantage. Key words : horticulture, comparative advantage, competitive advantage ABSTRAKPerubahan lingkungan strategis seperti liberalisasi perdagangan, otonomi daerah, perubahan preferensi konsumen, dan tuntutan terhadap kelestarian lingkungan, menuntut adanya perubahan cara beroperasinya kelembagaan kemitraan usaha agribisnis hortikultura. Tulisan ini membahas: (1) Konsep daya saing dan pentingnya kemitraan usaha; (2) Status daya saing komoditas hortikultura di beberapa sentra produksi di Indonesia; (3) Rumusan simpul-simpul kritis pengembangan kelembagaan kemitraan usaha yang berdaya saing; dan (4) Upaya untuk mewujudkan keunggulan komparatif menjadi keunggulan kompetitif melalui strategi kemitraan usaha. Secara umum komoditas hortikultura memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan sekaligus keunggulan kompetitif, namun parameter keunggulan komparatif lebih rendah dibandingkan keunggulan kompetitifnya. Hal ini mengandung makna bahwa petani hortikultura membayar harga input produksi lebih tinggi dari yang seharusnya dan atau menerima harga output lebih rendah dari yang seharusnya. Faktanya dewasa ini produk hortikultura tetap mengalami kesulitan untuk dapat bersaing dan akses terhadap pasar Singapura dan Malaysia karena masalah kualitas, kontinuitas pasokan, tingginya kerusakan dalam pengangkutan, serta kondisi sosial politik dalam negeri yang belum kondusif. Srategi pengembangan kelembagaan kemitraan usaha agribisnis hortikultura melalui proses sosial yang matang dengan dasar saling percaya mempercayai di antara pelaku agribisnis diharapkan dapat membantu mewujudkan keunggulan komparatif yang dimiliki menjadi keunggulan bersaing. Kata kunci : hortikultura, keunggulan komparatif, keunggulan kompetitif PENDAHULUANPerubahan lingkungan strategis berupa liberalisasi ...
Rice Production Enhancement Programs (P4) is consistently carried out by the government to meet domestic demand for rice. This paper describes dynamics of P4 implementation, namely their strengths and weaknesses. There were 11 programs launched, beginning with Central Rice Program (Padi Sentra) in 1958 up to Special Intensification (Insus) in 1979 with highest achievement of rice self sufficiency in 1984. Insus was improved in 1987 and it was then called as Supra Insus. In 1990 rice production was stagnant and rice import tended to enlarge. Rice Based Farming System with Agribusiness Orientation (SUTPA), Agribusiness Oriented Intensification (Inbis), and Self Reliance Movement on Rice, Corn, and Soybean (Gema Palagung) programs were introduced to anticipate changing domestic and international circumstances. El Nino took place when the programs were carried out triggering delay of harvest seasons and low production. At last, paradigm of agricultural development was improved through system development and agribusiness oriented, namely corporate farming as the starting point of on-going Integrated Crops and Resources Management (PTT) program. To induce the farmers nationwide to adopt technologies immediately the government copes with many constraints. It is suggested that the generated technologies are packed in sociodrama before disseminated intensively through various mass media, especially television.
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