Aging causes the degeneration of organs of the locomotor system, including the cerebellum and bones. Exercise may reverse this deterioration. d-galactose has been frequently used in rodents to accelerate aging. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of exercise on cerebellar and serum growth factors, motor activity, and the number of bone cells of the femoral head of d-galactose-treated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, that is, three treated groups injected with 300 mg/(mL·kg) body weight (bw) d-galactose solution daily for 4 weeks, and a control group injected with normal saline. Following the 4-week administration of d-galactose solution, two of the treated groups performed light- (45% VOmax) and moderate- (55% VOmax) intensity exercise, by running on a treadmill 4 × a week for 4 weeks. Locomotor activity was examined in rotarod and open field tests. The cerebellar and serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of femoral head was estimated using unbiased stereological methods. It was found that the number of osteoclasts was higher in the d-galactose-treated group than the normal control and moderate-intensity exercise groups. No significant difference between groups was found in the rotarod and open field test performance, IGF-1 and BDNF levels, as well as number of osteoblasts. In conclusion, a 4-week administration of high-dosed-galactose caused the increase of the number of osteoclasts. A subsequent 4-week moderate-intensity exercise reversed this increase to the normal level.
Sholat adalah sebuah gerakan yang dimulai dari gerakan berdiri kemudian membungkuk sehingga tangan sampai pada lutut, dilanjutkan dengan berdiri kembali dengan tuma’ninah atau khusuk. Secara teoritis dengan melakukan gerakan sholat dengan frekuensi, intensitas dan durasi dalam latihan kebugaran dapat memberikan dampak yang positif yang dapat dilihat pengaruh terhadap ketahanan otot, terutama otot extensor punggung bawah. Disamping mobilitas otot extensor yang begitu berat dan penting dalam penjagaan postur tubuh, gerakan sholat dapat dijadikan sebagai sebuah alternatif latihan ketahanan (endurance) otot extensor punggung bawah. Gerakan rukuk yang melawan arak gravitasi bumi yang dilakukan secara berulang–ulang secara fisiologis menjadikan terbentuknya ketahanan (endurance) otot extensor punggung bawah. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat experimental menggunakan metode pre experimental, One Grup pretest-postest Design dengan membandingkan pre dan post-test yang menilai adanya hubungan sebab akibat antara variabel independen dan dependen dalam jangkan waktu tertentu. Populasi dan subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fisioterapi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang berjumlah 38 Mahasiswa, sabjek berumur 17-24 tahun, tidak sakit yang berkaitan dengan posture dan pengukuran dengan metode Sorensen tes untuk mengetahui status endurance otot extensor punggung bawah. Pengambilan endurance otot extensor punggung bawah dengan metode Beiring-Sorensen tes dengan mengunakan alat stopwatch. Data diolah dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS 22 untuk mengetahui pengaruh gerakan sholat terhadap ketahanan (endurance) otot extensor punggung bawah dengan dilakukan uji stastistik parametrik dengan metode uji t berpasangan. Hasil pengkuran di peroleh data ada pengaruh gerakan sholat terhadap ketahanan (endurance) otot extensor punggung bawah. Hubungan yang signifikan antara sholat wajib dan rowatib dengan sholat tahajjud (p = 0,000).
Kesehatan pada lanjut usia didasari oleh aspek fisik, sosial, ekonomi dan psikologis yang menyebabkan mudah tersinggung, kemunduran fisik terutama kondisi Kesehatan selama Pembatasan social berskala besar (PSBB) akibat wabah Covid-19 akan berimbas pada Kesehatan seperti musculoskeletal, kardiovaskular, perasaan tidak berguna yang mentebabkan terjadinya kecemasan yang dapat diselesaiakan dengan metode terapi Latihan dengan relaksasi otot progresif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode relaksasi otot progresif terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada lanjut usia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimen dengan model pendekatan pre-test post-test one group design dengan alat pengukuran tingkat stres Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Hasil analisis uji Paired t-test diperoleh hasil signifikansi 0,000 (p< 0,05) maka dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima sehingga terdapat pengaruh latihan relaksasi progresif terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada lanjut usia
An immune system recognizes and responds to antigens entering the body. Maintaining these roles, components of the immune system need energy obtained from nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This study reviews and discusses roles of lipids, particularly fatty acids, in regulations of the immune system. This study was conducted by conducting a literature study on published research articles written in English. The articles were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar by using search keywords: lipid, fatty acids, immune, regulation, inflammation, and response. Lipids are a group of biomolecule compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and they are classified into simple, compound and complex lipids. Fatty acids are compound lipids that act as a main fuel for metabolism, an essential component for all membranes, and a gene regulator. Fatty acids have a modulating effect on immune cells, such as: acting as a host defence, activating the immune system, interacting with nuclear transcription factors, playing roles in inflammatory responses, promoting apoptosis, as well as influencing lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and Natural Killer (NK) cell activities. However, the modulation of the immune system by lipids is influenced by various factors such as concentration and types of fatty acids, types of immune cells, and species. This study is suggested to provide an overview of beneficial roles of lipids in maintaining immunity.
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