The objective of this study is to conduct a network analysis of the air and train connections between selected cities in Central and Eastern Europe in the context of business tourism. The selected cities are key destinations for the meeting industry in this part of Europe. The study was initiated due to the huge significance of business travel for these cities. The authors of this paper analysed the interconnections between these cities and identified the leaders of the industry in the region. This paper is also based on a case study approach and analysis relating to the cities.

Professional service providers, due to their use of information and communication technology (ICT), could be global players. The market for congresses, conferences, trade shows, and business events attract clients and contractors from around the world. Competition between firms motivates them to apply advance technologies that enable faster and easier cooperation. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify and classify ICT used in knowledge management among professional event service providers. By applying method triangulation (interviews, meta-linguistic coding, analysis of association graphs, and netnography), the authors identified key terms related to knowledge management and technology. Firms differed by type and length of market presence. The technologies used by firms were grouped into five types. The analysis of competition in search engines confirm high scores for technology service providers (i.e., cloud data and beacon).

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Destinations compete with each other using production factors generated internally or purchased externally. One factor usually outsourced is knowledge. Key providers of this asset are firms offering knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS); the strength of Krakow's position on the tourism market could be significantly influenced by KIBS firms. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between the development in Krakow of tourism, on the one hand, and KIBS firms, on the other. A review of the literature confirmed that KIBS are a determinant of the city's potential (including that of the tourism sector). Analysis of tourism supply, represented by the growth dynamic in the hotel segment, shows a higher increase than in tourism movement, but significantly lower than in many other KIBS subsectors. In this context the competitiveness and innovation of Krakow's tourism companies could be boosted by knowledge and expertise from KIBS companies.

The aim of this paper is to foster discussion on the issue of cooperation patterns typical for the supply side of the tourism market. Poland is used as a case study and an email survey was conducted in order to gather the relevant information from Polish tourist companies, mostly SMEs. The data obtained are analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques: factor analysis and logistic regression. Aside from cooperation between tourism fi rms, attention is also paid to relations between tourism fi rms and their partners in other sectors of the economy. The authors argue that there are certain characteristic groups of partners with which companies operating on the tourism market usually cooperate. The study also found that the size of a company aff ects its ability to cooperate with particular groups of partners.

This article is an attempt to assess the business relations between the tourism sector and suppliers of various types of business services. It focuses on knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The reasons why tourism businesses purchase outsourced services are also discussed. An Internet survey was conducted and the results were used to calculate and discuss a number of indices. Cross-tabulation statistics are used to assess the interrelation between types of tourist firms, their localization and size, and the types and number of services they use. The largest numbers of KIBS used by the Polish tourism sector are from the accounting, IT, and advertising sectors, whereas the smallest relate to research and experimental development in the social sciences and humanities. This article fills a gap in the knowledge about usage of KIBS services by the tourism sector at the national level.

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