Abstract:The objective of this study is to conduct a network analysis of the air and train connections between selected cities in Central and Eastern Europe in the context of business tourism. The selected cities are key destinations for the meeting industry in this part of Europe. The study was initiated due to the huge significance of business travel for these cities. The authors of this paper analysed the interconnections between these cities and identified the leaders of the industry in the region. This paper is al… Show more
“…The transport sector seems to react faster under the influence of tourism growth, followed by the accommodation sector. The beneficial pressure exerted by the increase in tourism revenue will result in a faster rate of convergence, a conclusion reinforced by the literature already mentioned (Borodako & Rudnicki, 2014;Iancu, 2009;Longhi & Musolesi, 2007;Merler, 2016;Petrakos & Artelaris, 2009;Sperlich & Sperlich, 2012). Hypothesis H 3 is thus validated, that is, tourism revenues are a convergence factor for the EU-28.…”
Section: Discussion Testing Hypotheses and Interpreting Resultsmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Tourism development depends on numerous economic, social and infrastructural factors, like transport (Borodako & Rudnicki, 2014), geopolitical conditions (Santamaria & Filis, 2019), foreign direct investments (Sokhanvar, 2019), culture, peace, security, infrastructure, visa facilities, natural environment, people, tourist number, education, income level, price level (Khan et al, 2020), the country dimension and development (Lin et al, 2019), cultural heritage and natural resources (Dugulan et al, 2010) as well as many other factors related to economic growth and development (Nunkoo et al, 2020;Santamaria & Filis, 2019;Sokhanvar, 2019).…”
Tourism significantly increased in the EU-28 in recent years. In the present study, the 28 member states were analysed for the period between 2012 and 2018, depending on data availability. The authors tested empirically whether economic convergence took place from the perspective of three types of revenue from the tourism sector. The contribution of tourism revenue to economic growth varied across different countries. The analysis of b and r-convergence showed a low-intensity and slow process based on the revenues generated by accommodation, transport, and restaurant and coffee shop services. Contrary to expectations, the factors analysed did not strongly support the EU-28 tourism sector convergence. We argue the existence of a positive and direct relationship between tourism and economic growth. The convergence did exist but its pace was sometimes slow and of low intensity, preceded by periods of divergence. The three types of services generated tourism revenue but not decisively. The paper complements the literature using indicators that strictly describe the tourism sector and brings into focus findings that contradict those from other studies. Our conclusion is that convergence was not accelerated, but slow and it was not determined by tourism factors but by related ones.
“…The transport sector seems to react faster under the influence of tourism growth, followed by the accommodation sector. The beneficial pressure exerted by the increase in tourism revenue will result in a faster rate of convergence, a conclusion reinforced by the literature already mentioned (Borodako & Rudnicki, 2014;Iancu, 2009;Longhi & Musolesi, 2007;Merler, 2016;Petrakos & Artelaris, 2009;Sperlich & Sperlich, 2012). Hypothesis H 3 is thus validated, that is, tourism revenues are a convergence factor for the EU-28.…”
Section: Discussion Testing Hypotheses and Interpreting Resultsmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Tourism development depends on numerous economic, social and infrastructural factors, like transport (Borodako & Rudnicki, 2014), geopolitical conditions (Santamaria & Filis, 2019), foreign direct investments (Sokhanvar, 2019), culture, peace, security, infrastructure, visa facilities, natural environment, people, tourist number, education, income level, price level (Khan et al, 2020), the country dimension and development (Lin et al, 2019), cultural heritage and natural resources (Dugulan et al, 2010) as well as many other factors related to economic growth and development (Nunkoo et al, 2020;Santamaria & Filis, 2019;Sokhanvar, 2019).…”
Tourism significantly increased in the EU-28 in recent years. In the present study, the 28 member states were analysed for the period between 2012 and 2018, depending on data availability. The authors tested empirically whether economic convergence took place from the perspective of three types of revenue from the tourism sector. The contribution of tourism revenue to economic growth varied across different countries. The analysis of b and r-convergence showed a low-intensity and slow process based on the revenues generated by accommodation, transport, and restaurant and coffee shop services. Contrary to expectations, the factors analysed did not strongly support the EU-28 tourism sector convergence. We argue the existence of a positive and direct relationship between tourism and economic growth. The convergence did exist but its pace was sometimes slow and of low intensity, preceded by periods of divergence. The three types of services generated tourism revenue but not decisively. The paper complements the literature using indicators that strictly describe the tourism sector and brings into focus findings that contradict those from other studies. Our conclusion is that convergence was not accelerated, but slow and it was not determined by tourism factors but by related ones.
“…In practice, business-and shopping-related activities may relieve the seasonal effects found within the hotel industry, forming an important nexus that links the hotel industry with local economic development. The business and shopping environment increases the chances that visitors may return to the region and prolong their stay at the hotel (Borodako & Rudnicki, 2014).…”
Section: Factors Influencing Hotel Economic Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…With economic development and increasing globalization, the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) market has emerged as a fast-growing sector in many local economies (Dwyer & Forsyth, 1997;Yang, Cai, Ottens, & Sliuzas, 2013). Borodako and Rudnicki (2014) analyze business tourism and show the significance of business travel for urban development in Central and Eastern Europe. Moreover, business travelers may return to the destination for leisure travel after their business trip (Kerr, Cliff, & Dolnicar, 2012).…”
Section: Factors Influencing Hotel Economic Performancementioning
h i g h l i g h t sRegional factors affect ARR and rooms rented. Labor quality and Tourism Professional Specialization mainly determine RevPAR. ARR and rooms rented offer information about regional impacts on the hotel industry. Internal and external determinants vary by star designation. Regional factors' sophistication increases with higher star designations. a r t i c l e i n f o
b s t r a c tThe hotel industry is deeply embedded in local regional conditions, though the influence of regional factors is seldom investigated. Three key hotel industry metrics, Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR), Average Room Rate (ARR), and rooms rented, were examined for their determinants using ordinary least squares and negative binomial regression models on key endogenous and exogenous (regional) factors, including Destination Attractiveness and Capacity, Business and Commercial Environment, Image and Openness, and Tourism Professional Specialization. Using China as a case study, and at different hotel star designations (2-to 5-star hotels), the results show that RevPAR is determined mainly by labor quality and Tourism Professional Specialization. Particularly, regional factors significantly affect ARR and rooms rented. The influence and sophistication of regional factors increases with higher star designations. This paper highlights links between the hospitality industry and regional economic development, which should be considered by both the hotel industry and tourism policy makers.
“…Lin and Fu, 2014;Ryerson and Kim, 2013;Redondi et al, 2013)). Papers in this area often focus on network developments (see for example Neil, 2013 andBorodako andRudnicki, 2014;see Paez, 2004, for a study on accessibility in eastern Asia, combining the air and road networks). Some papers did study the accessibility effects of air transport services, but only a few studied the value of such services.…”
Section: Air Transport Marginal Effects Multiple Optionsmentioning
Accessibility is a key concept in the field of transport geography. There is a rich, though not very mature, body of literature on this topic which is largely application-driven. The focus in the literature is generally on methods and concept and/or on applications. Applications generally focus on ex ante or ex post evaluations of the implications for accessibility of (candidate) policy plans. An important question is which are the main challenges in the area of accessibility research? This paper aims to examine this question and provide a research agenda for the coming one or two decades or so. The focus is on putting relatively new topics on the agenda, rather than making suggestions for improvements of given accessibility indicators. The paper does not aim to provide a complete list, but rather proposes avenues for future research focusing on (1) indicators to express accessibility, and (2) evaluation. In the area of indicators the challenges include the impact of ICT on accessibility; the inclusion of the robustness of the transport system in indicators; comparing perceptions of accessibility and traditional accessibility indicators; the option value; and the indicators of accessibility for goods transport, air transport, and slow modes. In the area of evaluation the paper discusses the pros and cons of the logsum as an accessibility measure, ethical aspects, comparisons of accessibility indicators to evaluate a specific case, and the needs of the clients of accessibility research.
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