Three teeth from each of 14 adult patients with advanced periodontitis were included in this study. The Test Tooth was an incisor or canine with increased mobility associated with an occlusal interference and a ≥ 5 mm deep pathologic pocket. The Infected Control Tooth was a non‐mobile incisor or canine with a ≥ 5 mm pocket. A non‐mobile incisor or canine with pockets ≤3 mm served as the Healthy Control Tooth. At least 7 d prior to Day 0 the patients were taught an effective oral hygiene regimen and received a supragingival prophylaxis. At Day 0, sulcular fluid for assay of protein content and Collagenase activity was collected from each chosen pocket. Immediately thereafter the Test Teeth of 7 subjects were scaled and root planed and the Test Teeth of 7 subjects occlusally adjusted. At Day 14, the treatments were reversed for the two groups. Sulcular fluid for the assays was again collected at Days 14 and 28. The protein content and collagenase activity in deep pockets was elevated during periodontitis in both mobile and immobile teeth. After establishment of a supragingivally clean oral environment, a rapid decrease of the collagenase activity took place following scaling and root planing of the root surfaces within the periodontal pockets (p≤0.05). Also, occlusal adjustment of the hypermobile teeth with deep pathological pockets reduced the protein content and collagenase activity in sulcular fluid (p ≤ 0.02). There was a further reduction of collagenase activity when occlu‐sally adjusted teeth were scaled and root planed (p≤0.02). No change in the protein content or collagenase activity was observed in the deep pockets of the untreated Control Teeth in the same patients.

The aim of this radiographic investigation was to compare the approximal bone height adjacent to class II amalgam restorations with and without overhangs to the bone height adjacent to homologue intact tooth surfaces, and to determine the possible effect of age and sex on the relative amount of such bone resorption. The x-rays of 43 persons aged 27--45 years and 42 persons aged 46--64 years were examined. In the total material the average amount of bone loss increased with age and was 0.34 mm greater in men than in women. About 50% of all posterior tooth restorations had an overhang. A comparison between the mean heights of approximal bone adjacent to sufaces with an overhang and homologue intact surfaces showed a statistically significant difference. When equal comparisons were made separately in the younger and the older age groups, only the older group showed a similar difference at a statistically almost significant level. The effect of overhanging restorations thus seemed to be accentuated with age. When men and women were studied separately, only men showed statistically significant differences between the age groups. The investigation confirms earlier results that overhanging posterior restorations are associated with excessive marginal approximal bone loss.

The aim of the investigation was to clarify the effects of the resolving of inflammation on one hand and the removal of occlusal trauma on the other hand on the rate of sulcular fluid flow (SFF) from deep periodontal pockets. Forty-seven adult patients having at least one tooth with an inflamed greater than 5 mm periodontal pocket and elevated mobility associated with occlusal trauma were selected for the study. After oral hygiene instruction and supragingival scaling, the rate of sulcular fluid flow of the test teeth was recorded on Day 0. After the baseline recording, each patient was randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B. The test teeth of Group A were subjected to subgingival scaling and root planing under local anesthesia, and the test teeth of Group B were subjected to occlusal adjustment. On Day 14 sulcular fluid flow was recorded for both groups, after which Group A received occlusal adjustment and group B received scaling and root planing. On Day 28 the sulcular fluid flow recordings were repeated for both groups. The mean flow rates of both Group A and Group B decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from Day 0 to Day 28. When the occlusal interference was eliminated 2 weeks after scaling and root planing (Group A), no additional decrease in sulcular fluid flow was observed. When the occlusal interference was eliminated before scaling and root planing (Group B), the reduction in sulcular fluid flow remained statistically insignificant through the first 2-week observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the value of sulcular fluid flow (SFF) measurements in evaluation of the healing of deep periodontal pockets after scaling and root planing. Fourteen adult patients with advanced periodontal disease received supragingival prophylaxis and instructions in oral hygiene. Immediately after baseline examination, meticulous scaling and root planing were performed. One to five selected pockets per patient were monitored on Days 0, 30, 120 and 210. Subgingival microbial proportions, sulcular fluid flow, probing depth, Gingival Index and bleeding after probing were assessed and recorded. The subgingival microbial proportions were determined with darkfield microscopy. The periodontal conditions were markedly improved by Day 210 as depicted by the microbial proportions. The proportion of motile micro-organisms was reduced from 51% at baseline to 9% on Day 30. This result was sustained until Day 210. Healing was also evident from the changes in Gingival Index scores and bleeding after probing. Probing depth was reduced from a mean of 8.3 to 4.5 mm. Correlations between the individual means recorded for the clinical parameters and bacterial proportions were calculated for the pooled data of all four examinations. Sulcular fluid flow did not correlate with the clinical parameters. Gingival Index, bleeding after probing or probing depth. The latter three parameters correlated significantly with the microbial proportions and each other. When the pooled tooth surface recordings of Days 30, 120 and 210 were divided into two groups according to the proportion of motile bacteria (the groups with less than 18% of spirochetes and motile rods and the groups with greater than 18% of spirochetes and motile rods), a significant difference in the mean amount of sulcular fluid flow (P less than 0.01) and mean probing depth (P less than 0.001) could be demonstrated between the two groups.

Kirjoituksessa esitellään vuosina 2004 – 2006 toteutetun kotimaisen pihattotutkimuksen, ”Lypsykarjarakennusten toiminnalliset mitoitusvaihtoehdot”, tuloksia. Pihattotutkimukseen osallistui 100, keskilehmäluvultaan yli 40 lehmän tilaa eri puolilta Suomea. Tutkimusten tulosten mukaan Suomalaisissa pihatoissa asuvilla lehmillä esiintyy runsaasti ihovaurioita. Lehmistä viidesosa ontui, ja suurimmalla osalla tiloista olisi selvästi parannettavaa lehmien jalkojen puhtaudessa. Kinnervaurioiden esiintyvyyteen olivat yhteydessä lehmän poikimakerta, makuuparren leveys ja käytetty kuivikemateriaali. Ontumisen esiintyvyyteen olivat yhteydessä lehmän rotu ja poikimakerta, lantakäytävän liukkaus, ruokintakäytävän leveys, ruokintaesteen malli ja veden tarjontatapa. Lehmien jalkojen puhtauteen olivat yhteydessä niskapuomin korkeus ja lantakäytävän pintamateriaali. Maidon solulukuun olivat yhteydessä kiimaisten erottaminen ryhmästä ja tunnutettavien hiehojen siirtoaika lehmien joukkoon. Koelypsypäivän maitotuotokseen olivat yhteydessä väkirehuautomaattien lukumäärä, ruokintakäytävän leveys, niskapuomin korkeus ja parren kaltevuus. Tulevaisuuden pihatoissa tulisi lantakäytävien olla nykyistä leveämpiä, parsien suurempia ja pehmeämpiä, ja ruokintapöytätilaa olla enemmän lehmää kohden. Lannanpoiston toimivuuteen tulisi kiinnittää nykyistä enemmän huomiota. Tutkimuksen loppuraportti ja pihaton uudet mitoitussuositukset löytyvät internetosoitteesta http://www.mtt.fi/mtts/pdf/mtts137.pdf