Tooth position has been suggested to be an important factor in gingival recession. Due to conflicting reports in the literature, this study was undertaken to examine the effects of labial tooth movement on changes in the marginal periodontium. Orthodontic tooth movement was performed in five monkeys (Macaca nemistrina). Oral health was established and exploratory surgery was performed to assess the level of the connective tissue attachment and marginal bone. Measurements of the gingival margin and mucogingival junction were taken and orthodontic forces were applied. The central incisors were moved labially a mean distance of 3.05 mm. Posttherapy measurements were performed to assess the change which occurred as a result of tooth movement. Significant recession of the gingival margin, connective tissue level and marginal bone was found.
In the present two-year longitudinal investigation, the progression of periodontal disease was assessed after 1 year from the baseline examination in 38 dentate subjects and after 2 years in 22 dentate subjects with a mean duration of 18 years of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The diabetics, aged 35 to 56 years at baseline, were under medical treatment at the outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki and at 2 diabetic clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their long-term medical records, 26 subjects were at baseline identified as having poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes (PIDD) with a mean blood glucose level of 12.5 mmol/l and a mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1) level of 10.1%. 12 subjects were classified as having controlled insulin-dependent diabetes (CIDD) with a mean blood glucose level of 6.7 mmol/l and a mean HBA1 level of 9.2% at baseline. For each individual, recordings were made at baseline and after 1 and 2 years from the baseline for the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, loss of attachment, bleeding after probing, gingival recession, and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. At baseline and 2 years after the baseline examination, the PIDD subjects had similar plaque conditions as the CIDD subjects. At baseline and after 1 and 2 years from baseline the PIDD subjects had more gingivitis and bleeding after probing (P < 0.05, chi 2-test) than the CIDD subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In the present site-by-site follow-up study, the change in amount of approximal alveolar bone was assessed after 1 year from the baseline examination in 38 and after 2 years in 22 dentate subjects all with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The diabetics, aged 35 to 56 years at baseline, had a history of a mean duration of 18 years of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and were under medical treatment at the outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki as well as at 2 diabetic clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their long-term medical records, 26 subjects were after 1 year, and 16 subjects after 2 years from the baseline, identified as having poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes (PIDD). At the 1-year examination, 12 subjects were classified as having controlled insulin-dependent diabetes (CIDD) as compared to 6 subjects at the 2-year examination. After 1 and 2 years, from baseline, site-by-site measurements were recorded for plaque index scores, bleeding after probing, loss of attachment, and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. After 1 and 2 years from baseline, the PIDD subjects exhibited higher mean %s of sites with improved bleeding scores (P < 0.01, chi 2-test) than the CIDD subjects. At the 2-year examination, the mean % of sites with loss of approximal alveolar bone was greater in the PIDD than in the CIDD group (P < 0.05, chi 2-test). The greatest differences between PIDD and CIDD subjects were found when recordings for only canines were analyzed at the 1- and 2-year examinations (P < 0.05, chi 2-test). The results of our current 2-year longitudinal site-by-site examinations confirm earlier results that poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is strongly related to the amount of alveolar bone loss.
Abstract. A newly developed metronidazole 25% dental gel was compared with subgingival scaling in the treatment of adult periodontitis. 206 patients in 9 centres participated in the study. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded before treatment and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after the treatment. All patients had at least I tooth in each quadrant with a PPD of 5 mm or more. The treatments consisted of 2 applications of dental gel (days 0 and 7) in 2 randomly selected quadrants (split mouth design) and 2 sessions of subgingival scaling (1 quadrant on day 0, and 1 quadrant on day 7). Instruction in oral hygiene was given 2 weeks after completed treatment. The average PPD and the average frequency of BOP were calculated over all sites with initial PPD of 5 mm or more. PPD and BOP were thus, at each examination, calculated from the same sites. The mean PPD was 5.9 mm before gel application and 5.8 mm before scaling (p= 0.31). BOP was 88% in both treatment groups. 24 weeks after the treatment. PPD and BOP were significantly reduced in both groups and for both parameters (p < 0.01). PPD was reduced by 1.3 mm after gel application and 1.5 mm after scaling; BOP was reduced by 32% and 39%, respectively. The difference between the treatments was statistically significant, but considered as clinically unimportant.
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