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Hybrid vigour and combining ability of two lines, 25 testers and their 50 hybrids was studied for grain yield, yield components and quality parameters during Rabi 2017-18. A perusal of the results revealed that the expression of heterosis was maximum over mid-parent for grain yield plant-1 and number of grains panicle-1 (>90%). Grain yield plant-1 and number of grains panicle-1 had also recorded high levels of heterosis over better parent (>70%). Standard heterosis more than 50 per cent was also recorded for grain yield plant-1 and number of grains panicle-1 over both varietal and the hybrid check. Further, combining ability analysis revealed pre-ponderant non-additive gene action for all the traits studied.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple cereal crops which feed more than half of the world population. Therefore, a better insight to the association of yield with its component traits can be helpful in improving the rice yield. The present study comprised of 371 F2 segregating progenies of the cross (Sahbhagidhan and BPT-5204 Sub-1), which were evaluated to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, correlation and direct and indirect effects among yield and yield components. The correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per plant, number of grains per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle, fertility percent and panicle length in F2 generation. The path analysis indicated that number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per plant and number of grains per plant exhibited high and positive direct effects and thus, may be considered as useful traits for yield improvement of rice.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most intolerant crops to soil waterlogging, so to evaluate the response of 10 wheat varieties to waterlogging stress under sodic soils, a pot experiment was conducted during 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2014-15 at ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal. Critically important physiological data on increase in element concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al and B in shoots indicated key mechanisms of tolerance under waterlogging condition in sodic soils. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al and B in wheat genotypes were greater under waterlogging in normal and sodic conditions. However, uptakes of these elements also varied. Mean concentrations of 327, 434, 541 and 624 mg/kg for Fe; 38.3, 48.9, 48.4 and 72.9 mg/kg for Mn; 47, 147, 217 and 226 mg/kg for Al and 5, 22, 48 and 51 mg/kg for B were recorded in pH 8.2, pH 8.2 +WL, pH 9.4 and pH 9.4 +WL treatments, respectively. Besides Mn, the elements concentration in wheat was 3-6 times greater than critical limit for the above mentioned elements. Genotype HD 2189, was the best performer and showed minimum increase in shoot Fe, Mn, Al and B concentration both under higher pH and waterlogging, whereas Brookton showed maximum increase. KRL 3-4 performed better despite high Fe and Mn indicating higher tissue tolerance. These observations point towards identification of considerable genetic diversity for Fe, Mn, Al and B in wheat.