Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple cereal crops which feed more than half of the world population. Therefore, a better insight to the association of yield with its component traits can be helpful in improving the rice yield. The present study comprised of 371 F2 segregating progenies of the cross (Sahbhagidhan and BPT-5204 Sub-1), which were evaluated to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, correlation and direct and indirect effects among yield and yield components. The correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per plant, number of grains per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle, fertility percent and panicle length in F2 generation. The path analysis indicated that number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per plant and number of grains per plant exhibited high and positive direct effects and thus, may be considered as useful traits for yield improvement of rice.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume and oilseed crop as its seed contains 44-56% oil and 22-30% protein on a dry seed basis. The present research work was conducted on 18 genotypes of groundnut including checks during kharif, 2018 at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of genotypes under rainfed condition in the field through morphological and physiological traits. The genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three replications in field and were statistically analyzed. The analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences among all the characters under study in rainfed condition suggesting high degree of variability among the genotypes grown. The GCV and PCV was recorded high for the characters such as kernel yield per plant, root weight per plot, pod yield per plant and proline content. Moderate GCV and PCV were observed for pod yield per plot, kernel yield per plot, SLA, SLW and harvest index. In this experiment, the characters which showed high heritability along with high genetic advance are kernel yield per plot, pod yield per plot, root weight, shoot weight, specific leaf area and proline content. Therefore these, traits might be useful in breeding and selection programme for further improvement of groundnut pod yield in the areas of Jharkhand state.
Background: Tomato plant has high yield potential, although the yield is very low because of non-availability of superior cultivars for protected cultivation. Presence of diversity is an important for variety development. Hybridization among divergent parents is probably produce ample variability and helps to isolate superior recombinants. So, the study was carried out to assess of genetic diversity in tomato for choosing promising and genetically diverse parents for improvement in yield for protected cultivation.
Methods: Fourteen genotypes of tomato were planted inside naturally ventilated polyhouse during September 2018 to May 2019. The data were recorded for twenty-one characters from randomly five tagged plants from each genotype and genetic diversity was computed by utilizing Mahalanobis D2 analysis.
Result: All genotypes were arranged into five highly divergent clusters in which cluster I contain maximum genotypes followed by cluster II. The intra cluster distance was highest in cluster I and inter-cluster distance was highest among cluster-II and V. Cluster means indicated that cluster II had high mean values for maximum traits. The highest contribution towards genetic diversity was shown by fruit yield/plant followed by number of fruits per plant. Based on breeding objectives, potential lines are selected as parents for utilization in hybridization programme.
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