Aim. To investigate the effect of more than 25-year cigarette smoking on choroidal and retinal thickness, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-one smokers and 25 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, serving as control group, were submitted to slit-lamp biomicroscopy and dilated fundoscopy, SD-OCT, measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and axial length (AL). Heidelberg Spectralis was used to calculate choroidal thickness (CT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), outer retina layers (ORL), and macular thicknesses (MT). Results. The smokers' group consisted of 17 males and 14 females with mean age of 57.8 ± 4.5 years, while the controls' group consisted of 14 males and 11 females with mean age of 68.0 ± 4.1 years. CT and GCC thicknesses were significantly reduced in smokers compared to control group. The differences in thicknesses of ORL were marginally significant between two groups. The measurements of MT, IOP, CCT, and AL had the same distributions between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions. Tobacco smoking seems to result in thinner choroid and retina compared to nonsmokers. This is the first study in literature that investigates the anatomical effect of smoking for more than 25 years on the choroid and retina.

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Background/Aim: Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy which leads to deterioration of visual function. It is estimated to be the second leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness worldwide. Failure of antiglaucoma medication to sufficiently reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and poor compliance with medication are indications for glaucoma surgery, for example using glaucoma drainage devices. Our aim was to compare the surgical outcomes following the implantation of Ahmed FP7 and Baerveldt 350 drainage devices. Patients and Methods: Five hundred and fiftytwo patients with primary or secondary glaucoma were enrolled in the study. All patients had a history of failed trabeculectomy or other intraocular surgery, and IOP ≥18 mm Hg. The implantation of Ahmed (266 patients) or Baerveldt (286 patients) devices was randomly performed in the patients, who were subsequently examined for a period of 5 years. Follow-up visits were scheduled 1 day;

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Full-field ERG and mfERG are more sensitive tools for detecting early retinal changes in β-thalassemia patients compared with ophthalmoscopy, VEP, FAF imaging and OCT scans.

The ancient Asclepieion of the island of Peparithos, modern Skopelos, had been build in an ideal position, one kilometer from the ancient city of Peparithos. The angry north Aegean Sea brought in the surface its north wall at the beginning of the 60s decade. The monument was identified as an Asclepieion from one partially saved ceramic inscription "ASCL…" (Greek: ΑΣΚΛ…). The sanctuary was surrounded by covered walkway (Greek: στοά) and it is dated at the early years of the fourth century BC. It is possible that god Apollo and goddess Artemis were worshiped in parallel. The monument reflects the culture of Peparitheans and the importance given toward the holistic treatment for the patients.

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