Aretaeus of Cappadocia and the first description of diabetes

Laios, Konstantinos; Karamanou, Marianna; Saridaki, Zenia; Androutsos, George

doi:10.1007/bf03401545

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In case of mother risks are as follows: High blood pressure, increased chance for cesarean section, increased risk for Type 2 diabetes, increased risk for gestational diabetes in future pregnancies. 23 Treatment plan of Gestational Diabetes should be : Meal plan with nutritional counseling if possible, moderate exercise ,self-monitoring of blood sugar levels with a blood glucose meter, insulin if needed, regular blood pressure and urine protein testing, monitoring for urine ketones if needed ,Ultrasounds and non-stress tests may be used to monitor fetal well-being and growth, Kick counts to check the baby's activity, Gestational diabetes will most likely go away after delivery unless it has uncovered preexisting diabetes. Mother with gestational diabetes should be asked to return about six weeks after delivery to evaluate blood sugar levels.…”

Section: Gestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Begum

Afroz

Khanam

et al. 2015

J. paediatr. surg. Bangladesh

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Abstract:Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Worldwide in 2012 and 2013 diabetes resulted in 1.5 to 5.1 million deaths per year, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Diabetes overall at least doubles the risk of death. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. The number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The economic costs of diabetes globally were estimated in 2013 at $548 billion and in the United States in 2012 $245 billion. [3] Globally, as of 2013, an estimated 382 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adults' population, with equal rates in both women and men. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: In case of type 1 Diabetes mellitus, results from the body's failure to produce enough insulin. This form was previously referred to as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes". The cause is unknown. Another type is type 2 diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as "non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes". The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby. It occurs in about 2-10% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. However, after pregnancy approximately 5-10% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have diabetes mellitus, most commonly type 2. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy.

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Section: Gestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Begum

Afroz

Khanam

et al. 2015

J. paediatr. surg. Bangladesh

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“…The disease had been known for many centuries (Laios et al 2012). Its etiology 1 however started to be unraveled in the late nineteenth century/early twentieth century.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

HDLs, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome

Vollenweider

Eckardstein

Widmann

2014

High Density Lipoproteins

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide and reaching epidemic proportions. These pathologies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in particular with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cluster of pathologies including insulin resistance, central obesity, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia that constitute the metabolic syndrome are associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol and the presence of dysfunctional HDLs. We here review the epidemiological evidence and the potential underlying mechanisms of this association. We first discuss the well-established association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance with alterations of lipid metabolism and how these alterations may lead to low levels of HDL cholesterol and the occurrence of dysfunctional HDLs. We then present and discuss the evidence showing that HDL modulates insulin sensitivity, insulin-independent glucose uptake, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. A dysfunction in these actions could play a direct role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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“…He describes diabetes as a dreadful, chronic disease that develops over a long period of time, most commonly in women (3,15). The following is a clinical description by him, with certain portions omitted (2): "Diabetes is a wonderful affection, not very frequent among men, being a melting down of the flesh and limbs into urine.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aretaeus' writings clearly indicate that he gave importance to a careful regulation of diet, muscular exercises, massage, and mild drugs (15,24). He also attached great importance to practical experience, suggesting that a physician should be familiar with certain drugs or treatments by experience (4).…”

Section: Tetanusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aretaeus of cappadocia and his treatises on diseases

Tekiner

2014

Turkish Neurosurgery

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Aretaeus of Cappadocia is considered as one of the greatest medical scholars of Greco-Roman antiquity after Hippocrates. He presumably was a native or at least a citizen of Cappadocia, a Roman province in Asia Minor (Turkey), and most likely lived around the middle of the second century (AD) His eight volume treatise, written in Ionic Greek, entitled On the Causes, Symptoms and Cure of Acute and Chronic Diseases remained unknown until the middle of the 16 th century when, in 1552, the first Latin edition was published. In this work, Aretaeus offered clinical descriptions of a number of diseases among which he gave classic accounts of asthma, epilepsy, pneumonia, tetanus, uterus cancer and different kinds of insanity. He differentiated nervous diseases and mental disorders and described hysteria, headaches, mania and melancholia. He also rendered the earliest clear accounts on coeliac disease, diphtheria and heart murmur, and gave diabetes its name.

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Aretaeus of Cappadocia and the first description of diabetes

Cited by 56 publications

References 1 publication

Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

HDLs, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome

Aretaeus of cappadocia and his treatises on diseases

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