Drugs for mental illnesses in ancient greek medicine

Laios, Konstantinos; Lytsikas-Sarlis, Pavlos; Manes, Konstantinos; Kontaxaki, M.-I.; Karamanou, Marianna; Androutsos, George

doi:10.22365/jpsych.2019.301.58

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Although some toxic essences have been deliberately abused for their effects. For example, pennyroyal oil induces abortions and hallucinations, lemon oil is considered as a psychedelic [67,68]. EOs potential to substitute antibiotics are recognized as safe with a long tradition in herbal medicine.…”

Section: Eos Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Horký

Skaličková

Šmerková

et al. 2019

Animals

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Essential oils (EOs) are now a hot topic in finding modern substitutes for antibiotics. Many studies have shown positive results and confirmed their high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Deservedly, there is an attempt to use EOs as a substitute for antibiotics, which are currently limited by legislation in animal breeding. Given the potential of EOs, studies on their fate in the body need to be summarized. The content of EO’s active substances varies depending on growing conditions and consequently on processing and storage. Their content also changes dynamically during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and their effective concentration can be noticeably diluted at their place of action (small intestine and colon). Based on the solubility of the individual EO’s active substances, they are eliminated from the body at different rates. Despite a strong antimicrobial effect, some oils can be toxic to the body and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tissues. Reproductive toxicity has been reported for Origanum vulgare and Mentha arvensis. Several publications also address the effect on the genome. It has been observed that EOs can show both genoprotective effects (Syzygium aromaticum) and genotoxicity, as is the case of Cinnamomum camphor. This review shows that although oils are mainly studied as promising antimicrobials, it is also important to assess animal safety.

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Section: Eos Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Horký

Skaličková

Šmerková

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Ancient Greeks used colchicine as a purgative more than 2000 years ago [ 8 ] and the eminent Greek philosopher and botanist Theophrastus also described the therapeutic potential of colchicine [ 9 ]. Another distinguished Greek botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (40–90 AD), who served for Roman Emperor Nero, published a thorough pharmacology textbook describing among others the role of colchicine in gout [ 10 , 11 ]. During Byzantine times, Alexander of Tralles selectively chose colchicine for the treatment of gout in 6th century AD, but the renowned English physician Thomas Sydenham undermined colchicine’s potential since he deemed all drugs with gastrointestinal side effects as too toxic for clinical application [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing colchicine’s journey in view of drug-to-drug interactions. A review

et al. 2021

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“…In Europe, the ancient Greeks used psychoactive substances prescribed by ancient physicians such as Hippocrates, Galen, and Ctesias to achieve a euphoric state of mind. 4 In the United Kingdom (UK) in the nineteenth century, the Victorians consumed alcohol, opium, cannabis, coca, mescaline and, following the invention of the hypodermic needle in the 1840s, morphine and heroin. 5 In pre-colonial Africa and much of Asia, cannabis was cultivated, traded and used as medicine.…”

Section: The Colonial Origins Of Contemporary Drug Prohibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolonizing drug policy

Daniels

Aluso²,

Burke-Shyne

et al. 2021

Harm Reduct J

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This paper reviews evidence of how drug control has been used to uphold colonial power structures in select countries. It demonstrates the racist and xenophobic impact of drug control policy and proposes a path to move beyond oppressive systems and structures. The ‘colonization of drug control’ refers to the use of drug control by states in Europe and America to advance and sustain the systematic exploitation of people, land and resources and the racialized hierarchies, which were established under colonial control and continue to dominate today. Globally, Black, Brown and Indigenous peoples are disproportionately targeted for drug law enforcement and face discrimination across the criminal system. These communities face higher arrest, prosecution and incarceration rates for drug offenses than other communities, such as majority populations, despite similar rates of drug use and selling among (and between) different races. Current drug policies have contributed to an increase in drug-related deaths, overdoses and sustained transnational criminal enterprises at the expense of the lives of people who use drugs, their families and greater society. This review provides further evidence of the need to reform the current system. It outlines a three-pillared approach to rebuilding drug policy in a way that supports health, dignity and human rights, consisting of: (1) the decriminalization of drugs and their use; (2) an end to the mass incarceration of people who use drugs; (3) the redirection of funding away from ineffective and punitive drug control and toward health and social programs.

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Drugs for mental illnesses in ancient greek medicine

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Repurposing colchicine’s journey in view of drug-to-drug interactions. A review

Decolonizing drug policy

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