Intellectual development of offspring of diabetic mothers. Acta Pzdiatr 1996;85: 1 192-6. Stockholm. ISSN 0803-5253 We prospectively evaluated the intellectual development of 33 children who were born to 33 diabetic Japanese mothers and compared them to 34 children born to non-diabetic mothers (controls) during the same period at Kurume University Hospital between 1987and i 989. Birthweight, maternal ageand the infant's age at the time of intelligence testing did not differ significantly between the offspring of diabetic mothers (ODMs) and controls. Tanaka-Binet intelligence scores were significantly lower in the ODMs at 3 years of age than in controls (98.4 f 17.4 versus 113.4 f 15.3) (p = 0.0005). No correlation was found between IQ and maternal haemoglobin A,, levels during pregnancy. Maternal age and infant IQ were inversely correlated in ODMs ( p = 0.0298, r = -0.3984), but no such correlation was demonstrated in the controls. The results indicated that the ODMs may show a poorer intellectual development than those of non-diabetic mothers. Haemoglobin A,,. IQ, matema/ age. offspring of diabetic mothers y Yamashira,

In 25 normally non-pregnant women, 543 normally pregnant women and 75 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes mellitus, the relationship between the serum concentration of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1-deoxy-glucose) and carbohydrate metabolism was studied. The concentration of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol was estimated by means of gas-liquid chromatography. In normally non-pregnant women the concentration was found to be 18.6 +/- 5.2 mg/l (mean +/- SD). During the normal pregnancy, from 9 weeks of gestation, a steadily decreasing concentration was observed as the pregnancy progressed and the lowest value (10.2 +/- 4.6 mg/l) was found in the third trimester. After 5 days of puerperium the concentrations were found to be 10.8 +/- 3.7 mg/l. On the 30th day postpartum, the level was within the range for non-pregnant subjects. The values in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus were mostly below 10 mg/l throughout the entire pregnant period. The 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol concentration was not affected by meals or oral glucose loading. A concentration below 10 mg/l was found in 36% of the normally pregnant women, where oral glucose tolerance tests and measurement of glycohemoglobin were shown to be within the normal range. The present study suggests that a change of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol level during pregnancy may reflect a mild alteration of carbohydrate metabolism that goes undetected by all the other diabetic indicators.

Insulin was injected directly into the medial amygdala (AMYG) of rabbits, and changes in hepatic acetate metabolism were studied. The injection of 50 microU insulin into the AMYG decreased the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1-acetate into CO2 and cholesterol ester, and increased those into free cholesterol and phospholipids. But after insulin injection into parietal cortex of intact rabbits and into the AMYG of rabbits with lesions of stria terminalis (ST), hepatic acetate metabolism did not differ from that of the control rabbits, which received saline injection into the same brain regions. These observations support the hypothesis that the AMYG is a part of insulin-sensitive brain regulator system in the hepatic acetate metabolism.

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