Pilomatricoma, pilomatrixoma, or calcified epithelioma of Malherbe is an uncommon, benign, isolated tumor of hair matrix primarily seen in children and young adults. The most common location is the head and neck region. It usually manifests as a small nodular mass. Here we report a rare case of giant pilomatricoma over the sternum in a 60-year-old male patient with an unusual clinical and radiological presentation mimicking a calcified sebaceous cyst.
Acute leukaemia (AL) is a heterogeneous neoplastic disease that occurs by the growth of abnormal lymphoid and myeloid cells in the bone marrow and blood leading to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). Conventional cytogenetics is a characteristic technique to hunch chromosomal abnormalities, it helps in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of the disease by the molecular cytogenetics technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosomal abnormalities in AL are performed by karyotyping to confirm specific chromosomal abnormalities using FISH. The descriptive study included 42 clinically diagnosed AL patients. Karyotyping analysis was performed using the standard Giemsa banding procedure. To confirm specific chromosomal abnormalities and all culture failure (CF) cases, FISH was done. Among 42 cases, 29 (69.4%) males and 13 (30.9%) females, AML comprised 22 (52.38%) cases, ALL 14 (33.33%) cases, and AL 6 (14.2%) cases. Normal karyotype was found in 18 (42.85%), abnormal karyotype in 16 (39.09%), and 8 (19.09%) were CF. Specific abnormalities of t(15;17), hyperdiploidy; t(3;3) with monosomy 7 in; del(9q22); del(2p); del(17p); del(Xq); 1~2 dmin; der(3); +11, +13 and composite karyotype. Hypodiploidy was strongly associated with AL, which signifies the loss of chromosomes causing potential risk. Composite karyotype, rare t(3;3) double minutes, +11,+13, del(9q), and del(Xq) were the novel findings reported in the South Canara region of Karnataka. Despite other molecular techniques, conventional cytogenetics remains the baseline in the diagnosis of malignancies.
Breast tissue reacts to estrogen and progesterone stimulation, not only during puberty, pregnancy and lactation, but during each menstrual cycle. As the menopausal period is approached and postmenopausal period evolves, progressive atrophy of the epithelial and connective tissue components of the breast occurs. The loose connective tissue becomes dense and hyalinized and finally, the lobule is converted into ordinary stroma which in the process of involution is replaced by fat. All patients undergoing core needle biopsy of breast were selected for the study. An informed consent will be taken for the procedure. Under local anesthesia using 14 G needle, ultrasound guided core needle biopsy will be performed by radiologist. The biopsy specimen will be sent to histopathology department in 10% formalin. The tissue will be processed, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined microscopically. In present study, the most common presenting complaint is breast lump comprising of 59 cases (98.3%). Out of 59 cases 31 cases (51.7%) had lump on left side, 28 cases (46.7%) had lump on right side.1 case had no lump (1%). In the present study 41 cases underwent mammogram, 24 cases (58.5%) showed BIRADS 5 scoring followed by BIRADS 4 in 12 cases (29.3%) and BIRADS 2 in 5 cases (12.2%).
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