The oral cavity mucosal tissue alteration can manifest in a variety of lesions where great majority of localized overgrowths of the oral mucosa are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. Many of these lesions can be identified as specific entities on the basis of their histopathological features. In our present study, we have evaluated the various benign lesions of oral cavity with emphasis on relative frequencies, types and distribution of lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll the benign lesions of oral cavity diagnosed by histopathology in the Department of Pathology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University over a period of two years from July 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively studied. Paraffin tissue blocks were collected from Histopathology Department and 5 microns thick. Sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin were studied by histopathologist. RESULTSA total of 124 cases were analyzed during the study period. The age group ranged from 8 to 86 years in the study with a mean age of 63.9 years. Buccal mucosa was the most common site involved in 44(35.5%) cases. Benign lesions of oral cavity included inflammatory/infective lesions in 30(24.2%) cases, traumatic/hyperplastic in 30(24.2%), cystic in 10(8%) developmental lesions in 16(13%), pre-malignant lesions comprising of leukoplakia and erythroplakia in 20(16%) and benign neoplastic lesions constituted in 18(14.6%) cases. Leukoplakias are the common benign lesions of the oral cavity followed by hemangiomas, hyperplasia and squamous papilloma. In the buccal mucosa, most common lesions were leukoplakia and lichen planus. CONCLUSIONThe increased frequency of benign neoplastic lesions (14.6%) in our study and less (4%) as compared to other author is possibly due to limited sample size in ours as contrast to large population based study by them.
Pancreatic heterotopia is a rare, unusual finding where pancreatic tissues are found out of the normal anatomical location. Various studies have documented an incidence of 0.5 to 13% in autopsy. The reports on pancreatic heterotopia presence is rare, with an incidence estimated to be around 0.2% of all upper gastrointestinal surgeries. The heterotopic pancreas occurs frequnetly in the stomach, duodenum and proximal jejunum. Remote cases of pancreatic heterotopia in Meckel's diverticulum is a rare finding. These heterotopias are often clinically silent and are an incidental findings upon pathological examination or autopsy.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool for swellings in the thyroid, salivary gland, breast lump and enlarged lymph nodes. Very few studies have been done to explore the potential of FNAC in the diagnoses of intraoral lesions. Hence the present study was done to find out the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. MATERIALS & METHODS:A prospective study on 88 cases presented with intraoral lesions was done from August 2010 to July 2012. Cases of intraoral Cases having both FNACs along with biopsy correlation were included. OBSERVATIONS/RESULTS: The age group ranged from 12-83 years with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. The most common sites of aspiration were tongue in 28 cases, followed by buccal mucosa in 24 and other sites 42 cases. The lesions reported on FNAC were malignant tumors in 44(50%), benign lesions 39 (44.31%) and suspicious for malignancy 5(5.69%) cases. False negative and false positive were 6 and 2 cases respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was the common malignant tumor. Overall sensitivity of 88%, specificity 95.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% was obtained in our study. CONCLUSION: We conclude that FNAC is one of the important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. The results of our study suggest, it should be considered as first line of investigation, especially in clinically suspected malignant tumors.
Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most prevailing cancer globally, attributing to more than 70% of cases in developing countries. Protein cancer biomarkers, such as CEA, CA- 125, AFP and PSA, are clinically helpful diagnostic tools, but they have low sensitivity and specificity for GC. Hence, it is essential to discover better markers for GC diagnosis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is the member of Interleukin-1 family. It is hypothesized to be a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, leading to gastric atrophy and causing an increased risk of GC. This study was to evaluate the association between the serum IL-18 in GC. Methodology: We included cases who underwent UGI Scopy and were proven to have GC histopathologically. The patients who presented to the out-patient who underwent UGI scopy and was found to have no growth were selected as controls. Twenty-eight cases and 84 control sample sizes were derived from nMaster V2. Blood samples from patients and controls were collected, and serum IL-18 levels were estimated using a solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. Results: We found that the cut-off value of serum IL-18 was 85.59 pg/ml, had a sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 57.1%, with a positive predictive value of 81.5% and a negative predictive value of 34% in diagnosing GC. The study plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve against IL-18 for sensitivity and specificity. Statistically, we found through the Area Under the Curve (AUC) that the rise in serum IL-18 levels was a poor indicator of GC with a p-value of 0.078. Conclusion: Statistically, a cut-off of 85.59pg/ml showed good sensitivity and specificity; however, the probability was insignificant, suggesting that IL-18 may not be of diagnostic importance. Studies with a larger sample size are required to further probe into the usefulness of estimating IL-18 in GC.
Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is an uncommon low- grade tumor with unique morphologic features and excellent prognosis. Currently it is classified as subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma presented with right renal mass. Computed tomography showed heterogeneously enhancing partly cystic mass lesion in right kidney. Patient underwent right nephrectomy. Microscopic features were suggestive of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. Patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence.
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