In this paper, we have presented a design and simulation of a graphene-coated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor for targeting specific biological components. We have explicitly shown the detection of the hemoglobin level in blood samples and the glucose concentration level in urine samples by using the finite element method (FEM) based numerical simulation. In the blood component, the 0.001 refractive index increment causes a 6.1025 g/l hemoglobin (HB) level increment, which has been detected using this SPR based sensor with 200 deg/RIU angular sensitivity. Moreover, we have also detected the presence or absence of diabetes using the glucose concentration level in urine samples with this SPR sensor. Therefore, the novelty of this paper is detecting the blood hemoglobin level and glucose concentration levels in urine samples more accurately than the previously proposed whispering gallery mode (WGM) and photonic crystal nanocavity based optical sensors.
Inverse method has wide application on medical diagnosis where non-destructive evaluation is the key factor .Back scattered waves or echoes generated from the forward moving waves has information about its geometry, size and location. In this paper we have investigated how well different geometries of the object is determined from the back scattered waves by a high accuracy Non-Standard Finite Difference Time Inverse (NSFD-TI) Maxwell's algorithm and how the refractive index of the object plays a deterministic role on its size.
Whispering gallery modes (WGM) have revolutionized the field of optical sensors. This paper presents a design and simulation of a novel structure called a “multi-core whispering gallery mode (WGM)” based on multiple evanescent waves coupling for detecting cancer cells and diabetes tear cells. This work is totally simulation based, and the simulation is done by a finite element method based simulation tool. From the simulation, it is expected that the proposed sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU, 666.67 nm/RIU, and 642.285 nm/RIU, respectively, for the detection of cancerous Basal, HeLa, and MDB-MB-231 cells. In addition, it is also capable of detecting affected diabetes tear cells from healthy tear cells with a sensitivity of 650 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the resultant sensitivity of the proposed sensor is probably the highest compared to other WGM based bio-sensors till now.
In the fast life era, all rely on the latest and cheapest technology that would make life more befitting, comfortable and dynamic. So, a new idea is desired which could improvise the extant technology with some ancillary addendums. Solar energy has always been vital for mankind. With augment in anxiety in conventional energy sources, renewable sources such as solar energy are gaining enormous significance. One application of solar energy is the photovoltaic (PV) technology that transmutes solar energy to electric energy by the virtue of solar cells. The photovoltaic energy is either implemented as a stand-alone energy source or allied to the grid as distributed energy generation. Thus, it can say that in near future almost all of the energy consumption will be based on solar energy. The solar system is used in this paper to power a PV integrated solar induction heater. The users will find it easier to manage the solar system in an induction heating system, and the system's reliability will improve. The proposed concept of induction heating and solar energy is integrated to achieve greater efficacy in cooking purpose.
In a photonic crystal (PC) array, a line defect (removal of a periodic structure) and position up-chirping (gradually decreasing lattice constant) are familiar terms to introduce light confinement and propagation due to the photonic bandgap (PBG). In this paper, we have proposed a new model for light confinement using a line defect position chirped PC array with metamaterial as a dielectric material. For comparison, we have designed and simulated for both line defect positions chirped and none position chirped PC array using normal material (refractive index +3.927) dielectric material and metamaterial (refractive index −3.927). We have used metamaterial due to the compensation of light dispersion and leakage effect because the negative refractive index makes the wave vector direction precisely opposite to the positive refractive index material. We have implemented the metamaterial positioned chirped PC array with sharp 90° bending and shown the light confinement and propagation for that structure. To support our proposed model, we have calculated the band diagram of both positive refractive index and metamaterial unit cells and verified the quantum well existence in the band diagram of metamaterial unit cell. Based on the quantum well effect, the confinement of light in metamaterial line defect position chirped PC has been explained and presented with proper finite element method (FEM) simulations. From quantum mechanics, we can comprehend that confining wave particles at the atomic level is extremely challenging because of the evanescent nature of the light wave. The novelty of this paper is that we have managed to confine the propagating of light waves by using the quantum well existence in the metamaterial dielectric for a line defect position chirped PC structure, and to the best of our knowledge, we are probably the first to introduce light confinement using a metamaterial chirped PC structure with proper FEM simulation.
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