In this paper, we have presented a design and simulation of a graphene-coated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor for targeting specific biological components. We have explicitly shown the detection of the hemoglobin level in blood samples and the glucose concentration level in urine samples by using the finite element method (FEM) based numerical simulation. In the blood component, the 0.001 refractive index increment causes a 6.1025 g/l hemoglobin (HB) level increment, which has been detected using this SPR based sensor with 200 deg/RIU angular sensitivity. Moreover, we have also detected the presence or absence of diabetes using the glucose concentration level in urine samples with this SPR sensor. Therefore, the novelty of this paper is detecting the blood hemoglobin level and glucose concentration levels in urine samples more accurately than the previously proposed whispering gallery mode (WGM) and photonic crystal nanocavity based optical sensors.

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A numerical analysis on dual core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor is presented. The guiding parameters and required sensing performances are examined with finite element method (FEM) based software under MATLAB environment. According to simulation, it is warranted that the proposed refractive index sensor offers the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 554.9 refractive index unit (RIU −1 ) and 636.5 RIU −1 with the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 5800 nm/RIU and 11 500 nm/RIU, and the sensor resolutions of 1.72 × 10 −5 RIU and 8.7 × 10 −6 RIU, at analyte refractive index (RI) of 1.40 for x-and y-polarized modes, respectively. As the sensing performance in different wavelength ranges is quite high, the proposed sensor can be used in simultaneous detection for different wavelength ranges. Therefore, the proposed device is of a suitable platform for detecting biological, chemical, biochemical, and organic chemical analytes.

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