Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is an oral medication used to treat male impotence by the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 in the corpus cavernosum and subsequent facilitation of penile erection. The side effects of sildenafil citrate have been reported.The present study was designed to investigate the effect of long term administration of sildenafil citrate on some characteristics (sperm count, sperm malformations) and testis architecture of male rats. The results indicated that the oral administration of 50 mg and 100 mg of suldinafil citrate (Viagra) for 8 weeks caused a significant decreased and a significant increased in sperm count and sperm malformations respectively. The results were showed the histopathological changes in testis of male rats treated with 50 mg and 100 mg sildenafil citrate..

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The current study aimed to verify of irisin concentration in TIDM and the scan the association the irisin value with the physiological inflammatory parameters.The study included 60 individuals diagnosed in newly onset TIDM and 35 healthy individuals as acontrol group. IL-6 and C-reactive protein(CRP) concentration was calculated. Serum irisin level in addition to inflammatory factors were evaluated by ELISA kit.The results explained a sagnifecant increased at (P ≤ 0.05) in level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C and irisin level in type I patients compared with the controlgroup, (7.95±2.024vs94±0.47mmol/dl, 6.91±1.094vs28±0.56mmol/dl, 33.38±7.ng/mlvs27.24±4.50ng/ml. respectively). So the results showed significantly decreased of BMI, C-peptide, Insulin and HOMO-IR level (p≤ 0.05) in GI contrast with control grouping (19.04±0.71 vs22.62±1.19, 0.21±0.02 vs 6.11±0.50, 0.19±0.04 vs 24.99±0.73, 0.06 ±0.02 vs5.49 ± 0.53 respectively). Investigation of lipid profile the results explained there was non-significant decreased of cholesterol (p≤ 0.05) in GI contrast with group’s control, but there was significant decreased of Tg, and HDL levels in GI contrast with group’s control, on the other hand the results showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) of LDL level in GI compared with control group(3.78±0.46vs3.96±0.46, 1.55±0.21 vs1.62±0.37, 1.02±0.15 vs1.52±0.37, 2.45±0.58 vs 2.11±0.45 respectively). The results of inflammatory parameters explained there was a significant increased (p≤ 0.05) of IL-6 and CRP levels in patients compared with control group (21.0±5.25vs12.79±0.93, 3.14±1.16 vs2.37±0.69 respectively) (Table 1). In TIDM grouped, iris in value showed negative association with (HbA1c) value (r=- 0.353, p<0.001), glucose (r=-0.290) and HOMO-IR(r=-0.232), cholesterol (r=-0.133), Tg, (r=-0.071-) and LDL(r=-0.163), So the correlation analysis explained a positive correlation with insulin level(r=0.055), C.peptide(r=0.105), HDL(r=0.229-), BMI(r=.115), IL-6(r=0.067), and CRP(r=0.171).

The present study aimed to evaluate the concentration of Malon dialdehyde (MDA) in pregnant women during different stages of pregnancy (stage of pregnancy, abortion, contraceptives and parity number).The study included (120) blood samples from normal pregnant women in age of the procreating were subdivided into three trimesters of pregnancy (40/group), and (40) samples from non-pregnant women as a control group. The results showed a significant increase in MDA in three stages of pregnancy compared with the control group. The concentration of MDA increased significantly in pregnant women with multipregnancy when compared with pregnant women for the first time, and in pregnant women whom was using contraceptions compared with pregnant women whom weren't using contraceptions, while there was non significant alternative in MDA level in pregnant women suffered from abortion compared with the pregnant women that didn't aborted .