Lepidium sativum contained many bioactive constituents included cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, coumarins, glucosinolates, carbohydrates, proteins and amino-acids, mucilage, resins, saponins, sterols, tannins, volatile oils, triterpene, sinapic acid and uric acid. The pharmacological investigation revealed that Lepidium sativum possessed antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, diuretic, central nervous, fracture healing and protective effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum.

Abstract:-The preliminary phytocemical analysis showed that the fruits of Ficus carica contained alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavanoids, saponins, coumarins, sterols, terpenes carbohydrates, phenols, essential oil, volatile oil, proteins and minerals. The previous pharmacological studies revealed that Ficus carica possessed antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagene, anti-angiogenic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, antiplatelet, reproductive, endocrine, immunological, dermatological, hypolipidemic, nootropic, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, anti-warts, nephro-and hepato-protective effects. The current paper reviewed the chemical constituents, nutritional and pharmacological importance of Ficus carica.

Abstract:-Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq were included Eucalyptus bicolor (Syn: Eucalyptus largiflorens), Eucalyptus griffithsii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Syn: Eucalyptus rostrata) Eucalyptus incrassate, Eucalyptus torquata and Eucalyptus microtheca (Syn: Eucalyptus coolabahs). Eucalypts contained volatile oils which occurred in many parts of the plant, depending on the species, but in the leaves that oils were most plentiful. The main constituent of the volatile oil derived from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus species was 1,8-cineole. The reported content of 1,8-cineole varies for 54-95%. The most common constituents co-occurring with 1,8-cineole were limonene, α-terpineol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, globulol and α , β and ϒ-eudesmol, and aromatic constituents. The pharmacological studies revealed that Eucalypts possessed gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, repellent, oral and dental, dermatological, nasal and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq.

Abstract:-The preliminary phytochemical investigation was performed on methanolic and hydroalcoholic extract of Datura fastuosa (syn: Datura metel) revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds, while, phytochemical analysis of Datura stramonium showed that it contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. The previous pharmacological studies of Datura fastuosa showed that it possessed antimicrobial insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, neurological, wound healing, reproductive and antispasmodic, while Datura stramonium exerted Antiepileptic, Anti-asthmatic, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, repellent and organophosphate protective effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Datura fastuosa and Datura stramonium.

Abstract:-The previous studies revealed that Equisetum arvense contained alkaloids, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, saponins, sterols, ascorbic acid, silicic acid, phenol , tannin, flavonoids, triterpenoids, volatile oils and many other biological active constituents. The pharmacological studies showed that it possessed antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant effects of the vessels and ileum, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-anxiety, dermatological immunological, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, diuretic, inhibition of platelet aggregation, promotion of osteoblastic response, anti-leishmanial, and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Equisetum arvense.

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Lawsonia inermis (Family: Lythraceae) contained carbohydrates, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone). Many alkaloids, naphthoquinone derivatives, phenolics and flavonoids were isolated from different parts of Lawsonia inermis. The pharmacological studies showed that Lawsonia inermis showed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, central nervous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, wound and burn healing, immunomodulatory, antiurolithiatic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic, anticancer and many other pharmacological effects. The current review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lawsonia inermis.Lawsonia inermis Linn (Family: Lythraceae) which is commonly known as henna, mainly present in subtropical and tropical areas and is used in all over the world. It was used for over 9000 y for its cosmetic values as a dye. The phytochemical analysis of Lawsonia inermis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic, flavanoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4naphthoquinone (lawsone). Many alkaloids, napthoquinone derivatives, phenolics and flavonoids were isolated from different parts of Lawsonia inermis. The pharmacological studies showed that Lawsonia inermis showed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, central nervous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, wound and burn healing, immunomodulatory, antiurolithiatic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic, anticancer and many other pharmacological effects. The current review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lawsonia inermis. Plant profile SynonymsAlcanna spinosa, Leaves of Lawsonia inermis provide an important cosmetic dye. Henna leaves were extensively used for centuries in the Middle East, the Far East and Northern Africa as dye for nails, hands, hair and textile. Henna was also used in treating skin problems, headache, jaundice, amebiasis and enlargement of the spleen [20,21]. Parts used medicinallyWhole plant, roots, fruits, stem, leaves, barks, inflorescence, rhizome, bulbs, latex, seeds, flowers and oil were used in different ailments [20]. Physiochemical characteristicsPhysiochemical investigation of leaf showed that the total ash was (14.60 %), acid insoluble ash (4.50 %), water soluble ash (3.0 %), loss on drying (4.5 %), alcohol soluble extractive value (3.8 % w/w) and aqueous extractive value (5.0 % w/w) [22]. Chemical constituentsThe preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, 2 quinones, coumarins, xanthones, 6% fat, 2-3% resin and 7-8%...

Abstract:-Phytochemical analysis showed that the root of Daucus carota contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, phenols, essential oil, terpenoid and coumarin. The nutritional analysis of carrot juice showed that the juice contained: protein 1.067 ± 0.058%, crude fat 0.367 ± 0.089%, crude fibre 1.167 ± 0.153%, carbohydrates 6.100 ± 0.346%, many vitamins and minerals. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive effect and decrease intraocular pressure, gastro-protective, nephro-protective, hepato-protective, cardioprotective antidepressant memory enhancement, anti-inflammatory, reproductive, wound healing and hear induction and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents, nutritional and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota.