The aim of the study is to evaluate common food by-products (Pomegranate peel, Rice bran, Rice straw & Mulberry bark) to screen out their medicinal importance such as cytotoxic & antioxidant activities. HPLC revealed that all tested samples were rich in phenolics. Tested samples exerted significant antioxidant activity with high potency to Pomegranate peel. All tested extracts were able to reduce cell viability of tested cell lines in a dose-response manner after treatment. In most cases, the IC50 values were under 30  μg/ml except IC50 of pomegranate peel against breast cell line (42.4 ug/ml). The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of pomegranate peel, rice bran, rice straw and mulberry bark have been attributed to synergetic effects of phenolic phytochemicals.

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Introduction:Hyphaene thebaica L. fruit is known in Egypt for its antihypertensive activity. However a standardized herbal extract/fraction was never prepared. Methods: A biologically guided fractionation was carried out in-vitro for the 50% and 70% ethanol extracts of Hyphaene thebaica L. fruit using the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and renin inhibition assays. A validated reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the standardization of the active fractions. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% extract contained higher percentages of the three bioactive markers chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apigenin (1.940 ± 0.140%, 2.994 ± 0.349% and 0.612 ± 0.0354%, respectively) relative to the ethyl acetate fraction of the 50% extract (1.384 ± 0.157%, 0.342 ± 0.0834% and 0.070 ± 0.00225%, respectively). The butanol fraction of the 70% extract was found to possess the highest antihypertensive activity (93.69 ± 5.695 % renin inhibition activity at 0.5 mg/mL and IC 50 of 0.001436 +0.00044 mg/mL for ACE inhibition activity). A standard calibration curve for the three compounds was established at a concentration range of 0.1-50 µg/Ml, they showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of (1.00, 1.00 and 0.999; respectively). A high degree of precision (relative standard deviation values <5%) was achieved. The limits of detection for the three compounds were 0.428, 0.368 and 0.849; respectively, while the limits of quantitation were 1.29, 1.11 and 2.57, respectively. Conclusion: Current results showed that the butanol fraction of the 70% extract revealed the highest antihypertensive activity through ACE and renin inhibition mechanisms. In addition, recorded observations concerning linearity of the used bioactive markers offer a support for the possible utility of the tested fractions as potent standardized antihypertensive drugs. 4,5 Consequently they were selected to be used as bioactive markers for standardization of the doum fruit extracts and fractions. The aim of the present study was to develop a method to identify and quantify chlorogenic acid, apigenin and quercetin content in the prepared extracts and fractions of the fruit to be utilized as a tool for comparison in between them and to conclude if these compounds could be attributed to the antihypertensive effect. Also, to prepare a standardized active extract/fraction through a validated reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method.

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