Renin and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition of Standardized Bioactive Fractions of Hyphaene thebaica L. Mart Growing in Egypt

Abstract

Introduction:Hyphaene thebaica L. fruit is known in Egypt for its antihypertensive activity. However a standardized herbal extract/fraction was never prepared. Methods: A biologically guided fractionation was carried out in-vitro for the 50% and 70% ethanol extracts of Hyphaene thebaica L. fruit using the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and renin inhibition assays. A validated reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the standardization of the active fractions. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% extract contained higher percentages of the three bioactive markers chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apigenin (1.940 ± 0.140%, 2.994 ± 0.349% and 0.612 ± 0.0354%, respectively) relative to the ethyl acetate fraction of the 50% extract (1.384 ± 0.157%, 0.342 ± 0.0834% and 0.070 ± 0.00225%, respectively). The butanol fraction of the 70% extract was found to possess the highest antihypertensive activity (93.69 ± 5.695 % renin inhibition activity at 0.5 mg/mL and IC 50 of 0.001436 +0.00044 mg/mL for ACE inhibition activity). A standard calibration curve for the three compounds was established at a concentration range of 0.1-50 µg/Ml, they showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of (1.00, 1.00 and 0.999; respectively). A high degree of precision (relative standard deviation values <5%) was achieved. The limits of detection for the three compounds were 0.428, 0.368 and 0.849; respectively, while the limits of quantitation were 1.29, 1.11 and 2.57, respectively. Conclusion: Current results showed that the butanol fraction of the 70% extract revealed the highest antihypertensive activity through ACE and renin inhibition mechanisms. In addition, recorded observations concerning linearity of the used bioactive markers offer a support for the possible utility of the tested fractions as potent standardized antihypertensive drugs. 4,5 Consequently they were selected to be used as bioactive markers for standardization of the doum fruit extracts and fractions. The aim of the present study was to develop a method to identify and quantify chlorogenic acid, apigenin and quercetin content in the prepared extracts and fractions of the fruit to be utilized as a tool for comparison in between them and to conclude if these compounds could be attributed to the antihypertensive effect. Also, to prepare a standardized active extract/fraction through a validated reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method.

Optical properties of biosynthesized nanoscaled Eu2O3 for red luminescence applications

“…2.1 Biosynthesis process of Eu2O3 using Hyphaene thebaica Hyphaene thebaica L. Mart is locally known as "Doum" native to Upper Egypt and reported in Egyptian traditional medicines [25]. Pytochemical studies indicated that the fruits contain bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and vitamins [26].…”

“…The solution was then filtered using Whatman paper n°1, leaving behind transparent aqueous extracts which were used further. The biosynthesis of the Eu2O3 NPs was carried out using already established procedure [25]. Briefly 4 g of the precursor salt Ni(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Eu(NO3)3.…”

Ethnobotany of Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. (Arecaceae) in the Afar depressions, Ethiopia

“…Apart from pneumonia treatment, it's reported that the plant products could also heal other diseases. For instance, cancer (Reda 2011;Bello et al 2017), sunburn, oral ulcers, asthma, skin diseases, premature aging, infertility (Sulieman & Mariod 2019), antihypertensive (Khalil et al 2018), and antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial (Farag & Paré 2013;El-Beltagi 2018) and anti-diabetic (Salib et al 2013). The bone strength cited by the informants could be attributed to the high concentration of Calcium (Ca)…”

“…Some of the economic importance reported include material culture, food and liquor, medicine, firewood, fence, construction, making a raft, etc. (El-Seedi et al 2013;Khalil et al 2018;Stauffer et al 2018;Abdel-Raman 2019;Sulieman & Mariod 2019;Bussmann et al 2021).…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Waste Leaves of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum Palm)

“…Recently, the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has arisen, which is centered on the utilization of plant extracts as bioreductants. This approach provides safer, easier, faster, more eco-friendly and economical nanoparticles when compared with the physical and chemical approaches and safe alternatives for antimicrobial applications [ 7 , 10 ]. Successful biosynthesis of AgNPs from many plant extracts has been carried out by many authors.…”