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The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on healthy populations, with increased depression, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and insomnia reported. The COVID-19 pandemic affects people’s mental health by instilling fear of infection and depression.

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AbstractsThis cross sectional study was done from January 2009 to June 2010 in Microbiology department of Dhaka Medical College on isolation of potential pathogenic bacteria from nasopharynx from patients having cough for more than two weeks. The nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 290 patients for culture and 101 blood samples were collected for slide agglutination test against anti-Bordetella antibody. In case of culture of nasopharyngeal swabs, 117 (73.12%) samples yielded growth of single organism, 16 (10%) yielded mixed growth and 27 (16.88%) samples yielded no growth in children. In adults, 85 (65.39%) samples yielded growth of single organism, 1 (0.77%) yielded mixed growth and 44 (33.84%) samples yielded no growth. Highest incidence (33.33%) of S. pneumoniae was found in age group of 1-5 years, highest incidence (32.20%) of N. meningitidis was found in age group of 18-25 years and highest incidence (32%) of Staph. aureus was found in age group of 25-50 years. One (0.63%) B. pertussis was isolated from a child and 5 (3.84%) B. parapertussis were isolated from adults. In this study, 116 (83.45%) samples yielded growth in lower socioeconomic group and 101 (70.62%) yielded growth in the samples of middle socioeconomic group. Among the study participants, 31(30.70%) were positive and 70 (69.30%) were negative for antibody against B. pertussis. In anti-Bordetella antibody positive cases, 14 (93.33%) children had duration of cough for 2-3 weeks, 7(43.75%) adults had duration of cough for 3-4 weeks and 1 (6.25%) adults had more than 6 weeks.

Context : The sacrum generally is composed of five vertebrae fused to form a triangular bony mass with four pairs of sacral foramina. The sacrum may contain six vertebrae, by development of an additional sacral element or by incorporation of the fifth lumbar or first coccygeal vertebrae produces five pairs of sacral foramina. Sacralization is entirely undiagnosable without an X-ray examination and rarely present any symptoms. Sacra of six bodies with five pairs of sacral foramina are found frequently in the department of anatomy during routine study of bones. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 218 (two hundred eighteen) adult human dry sacra of unknown sex. The study samples were distributed into male and female sex groups by discriminant function analysis The study was descriptive type and was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2011 to December 2011. The sacrum was examined to assess the number of its vertebral segments and sacral foramina. Result : A typical sacrum consisting of 5 segments with four pairs of sacral foramina was observed in 78.9 % cases, while sacralisation with five pairs of sacral foramina was seen in 21.10 % of cases. Conclusion: The number of vertebrae in sacrum may be increased by fusion of fifth lumbar vertebra or first coccygeal vertebra producing sacralization. The knowledge of significant number of sacralization is necessary in managing spinal surgery and for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose in low back pain. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20670 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 54-57