Taman Gumi Banten Forest is located in Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. This forest was previously managed by the local government. When managed by the government, illegal logging occurred and expansion of cultivated plants into the forest. The government then grants the forest for its management to the customary village. The forest that is managed by this customary village is based on local wisdom so that this forest remains sustainable until now and there is no illegal logging and expansion of cultivated plants into the middle of the forest. The purpose of this study was to determine the various species of medicinal plants and their mapping in the perspective of traditional medicinal plant use, processing methods, usage methods, designation of medicinal plants, tourism perspectives, and local wisdom-based conservation. The research population was all plant species in the forest of Taman Gumi Banten. The research sample for (1) mapping study was the entire forest area of Taman Gumi Banten. (2) Plant species samples are all plant species covered by squares with a size of 20x20 m 2 (for trees), 5x5 m 2 (for saplings), and 1x1 m 2 for seeds / seedlings). To find out the various types of plants that can be used as medicinal plants, deep interview methods, observation, questionnaires, and check lists are used. The informants were Balian / Shaman (2 people), Village Head and staff (5 people), Traditional Village Head staff (5 people), Stakeholders / Pastors (3 people), General Community (10 people). Total informants were 25 people. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed: (1) The overall plant species and medicinal plants in the Taman Gumi Banten forest, Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency have been mapped. (2) The traditional use of medicinal plants by the Balinese people generally has three properties, namely tis (cold), dumelade (not cold and not hot), and anget (hot). (3) In the perspective of developing forest tourism, there are opportunities to be developed as a tourism object.
This study mainly discusses the lack of implementation of forest development as a tourist attraction in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia. This research aims to implement the results of ethnoecological studies to develop the Bukit Kangin Forest tourism in the traditional village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem, Bali. The population in this study area is considered in two aspects, namely the ecosystem aspect and the socio-system one. The population of the ecosystem consists of all plant species in Bukit Kangin, while the population in the socio-system aspect is the entire community of Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village. The sample of this research from the ecosystem aspect includes plant species covered by squares with a size of 20×20 meters including tree habitus (nature), 10×10 meters (which includes sapling), and squares with a size of 1×1 meters including seedling habitus. The number of squares is 65 squared. For the community sample, community components are selected with a total sample of 50 people. The ecosystem data collection uses the quadratic method with systematic sampling techniques. Meanwhile, the data collection is carried out by interview, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The data related to ecosystem was analysed using ecological statistical analysis, while the data related to the socio-system were analysed descriptively. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prospects for forest tourism development. The conclusions of this study are the following: (1) the results of ethnoecological studies in the Bukit Kangin forest, Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem, Bali, has the prospect of being developed into forest tourism as an alternative and complementary tourist destination; (2) Some of the results of ethnoecological studies and supported by socio-system that interact with each other can be in the form of plant species composition equipped with descriptions, utilization, processing methods and products of useful plant species. The results of ethnobotanical and ethnobiological studies are very supportive in the development of forest tourism in the Kangin hills, Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karang Asem, Bali. Keywords: Ethnoecological, Forest Tourism, Tenganan Pegringsingan
Potential of Red Algae and Green Algae to Inhibit Escherichia coli Bacteria Growth. The use of synthetic chemicals as a control for the growth of E. coli bacteria that causes of diarrhea children can cause adverse effects on health, so it needs natural control ingredients that do not cause impacts on human health. One natural controller to inhibit bacterial growth is by utilizing natural sources, including seaweed. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of seaweed as an anti-bacterial agent of E. coli. The research used seaweed extract of Eucheuma spinosum, Euchuema cottonii, Gracilaria spp., and Caulerpa spp. The test parameters observed were the inhibition zone (mm) of each seaweed extract treatment using a ruler and measured the inhibition zone distance. The results showed that E.cottonii seaweed extract had the highest inhibitory ability with an inhibition zone diameter of 11.1 mm, including the moderately sensitive category, then Caulerpa spp. with a inhibition zone diameter of 10.0 mm, Gracilaria spp has the ability to inhibit E.coli bacteria with a inhibition zone diameter of 6.9 mm, including the insensitive category, and the lowest in seaweed E. spinosum with a inhibition zone diameter of 4.2 mm. including the insensitive category.
Escherichia coli is a bacteria found in the large intestine of humans as a normal flora. It’s unique because it can cause primary infection in the intestine such as diarrhea in children. Diarrhea sufferers use drugs derived from chemicals and herbal plants. Furthermore seaweed as the marine biological resources it is important to examine to be an alternative treatment for diarrhea. An antibacterial alternative by development the use of seaweed. needs to be examine. Based on the description above, phytochemical compound of several types of green macro algae and its potential effect as antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of E.coli bacteria it is necessary to examine, The type of seaweeds that use in this study are Ulva reticulata, Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa. The research results showed that phytochemcal compound of U. reticulata are terpenoid, phenolic, alkaloid. In U. lactuca are steroid, saponin, phenolic and alkaloid. Phytochemcal compound of C. racemosa are phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid. Type of green macro algae U. reticulata had the ability to inhibit the bacteria E.coli growth with a inhibition zone diameter about 6.0 mm U. lactuca about 10 mm, and C. racemosa about 12.0 mm.
Seaweed has potential nutrient content such as carotenoids, vitamins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals, and other essential substances. Carotenoids have important biological functions as an antioxidant, and immunostimulatory which can prevent the disease, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-aging, and protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Seaweed generally consumed as a vegetable by people in Bali, known as the local name Bulung Boni (Caulerpa spp.) and Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria spp.).. So far there has been no report or results of research on the effects of extract ethanol of Bulung Boni (Caulerpa sp.) and Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria sp.) as an antioxidant that can prevent lipid peroxidation which can be seen in decreased level of MDA in liver tissue or blood plasma. Therefore it is necessary to determine of plasmaMDA level of Wistar rat after fed high cholesterol diet treated with extract ethanol of Caulerpa sp. and Gracillaria sp. This experimental study used completely randomized design. Research using total of 24 Wistar rats divided into six sample groups of equal size, all fed with a diet high in cholesterol especially in negative control. The study consisted of negative control group (standard diet), positive control group (high cholesterol diet), high-cholesterol diet with Caulerpa sp. extract dose of 20 mg and 60 mg/100 g, high cholesterol diet with Gracilaria sp. extract dose of 20 mg and 60 mg/100 g body weight rat per day.The study resulted that rats fed high cholesterol diet with treated extract ethanol Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp. with a dose of 20 mg and 60 mg per 100 g body weight rat / day had plasma MDA level significantly lower (p <0.05) compared with rats fed high cholesterol diet without treated with extract of Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp.
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