Medical Plant Species: Distribution, Traditional Utilization, Conservation and Role in Tourism Development in the Forest of Taman Gumi Banten, Wanagiri Village, Buleleng, Bali

Abstract

Taman Gumi Banten Forest is located in Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. This forest was previously managed by the local government. When managed by the government, illegal logging occurred and expansion of cultivated plants into the forest. The government then grants the forest for its management to the customary village. The forest that is managed by this customary village is based on local wisdom so that this forest remains sustainable until now and there is no illegal logging and expansion of cultivated plants into the middle of the forest. The purpose of this study was to determine the various species of medicinal plants and their mapping in the perspective of traditional medicinal plant use, processing methods, usage methods, designation of medicinal plants, tourism perspectives, and local wisdom-based conservation. The research population was all plant species in the forest of Taman Gumi Banten. The research sample for (1) mapping study was the entire forest area of Taman Gumi Banten. (2) Plant species samples are all plant species covered by squares with a size of 20x20 m 2 (for trees), 5x5 m 2 (for saplings), and 1x1 m 2 for seeds / seedlings). To find out the various types of plants that can be used as medicinal plants, deep interview methods, observation, questionnaires, and check lists are used. The informants were Balian / Shaman (2 people), Village Head and staff (5 people), Traditional Village Head staff (5 people), Stakeholders / Pastors (3 people), General Community (10 people). Total informants were 25 people. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed: (1) The overall plant species and medicinal plants in the Taman Gumi Banten forest, Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency have been mapped. (2) The traditional use of medicinal plants by the Balinese people generally has three properties, namely tis (cold), dumelade (not cold and not hot), and anget (hot). (3) In the perspective of developing forest tourism, there are opportunities to be developed as a tourism object.

Law Enforcement and Community Participation in Combating Illegal Logging and Deforestation in Indonesia

“…5 of 1990, while the elements of a criminal act are regulated in Articles 19, 21 and 33. The formulation of the criminal provisions in the law can be understood that the articles are only specifically for crimes and violations against certain forest areas and certain types of plants, so that to be applied to the crime of illegal logging only as a complementary instrument that can only function if the elements is fulfilled [25,27].…”

Survey and Ethnobotanical Investigations of Key Non-Timber Forest Products in Home Gardens and Sacred Forests in Cross River State, Nigeria

“…This study supports several studies [13,16,17] that demonstrate how vital it is for rural residents, especially the poor, to cultivate and collect NTFPs from home gardens as an alternative source of revenue and subsistence. Additional research [14,18,19] revealed that the products support a variety of livelihoods and serve as a safety net, especially when agricultural production is inadequate to mitigate risk and fill the food shortfall gap in various areas.…”