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The development and construct validation of a 12‐item career entrenchment measure is reported. Taking a theory‐driven approach, three dimensions comprising career entrenchment were defined: a career investments dimension reflecting accumulated investments in one's career success that would be lost or deemed worthless if one were to pursue a new career, an emotional costs dimension assessing the anticipated emotional costs associated with pursuing a new career, and a limitedness of career alternatives dimension gauging the perceived lack of available options for pursuing a new career. Using a combination of methodological procedures, these three dimensions were investigated in two pilot studies and a field test. Results support the intended measure's reliability and validity. Implications for individuals and their careers are discussed.

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French and Raven (1959) inferred how the existence of social power bases influences a subordinate's perception and a leader's use of other powers. Based on their propositions, we tested a model using meta‐analytic correlations as input to structural equations analysis. We also used recent literature to test a revised model, which fit the data better. Additionally, the meta‐analytic effects of the social bases of power on satisfaction with supervision, job satisfaction, and performance were examined.

Medical librarians were surveyed to determine the independent and interactive influ ence of career and organizational commitments on work-related outcomes. Employees dually conunitted to their organizations and careers reported the highest empower ment, willingness to engage in service recovery, and work satisfaction. This group was also more aware of the supervisory use of legitimate, reward, expert, and referent powers. All four commitment groups-dually committed, careerists, organizationists, and uncommitted-reported comparable avoidance of coercive power. As predicted, the ordering of reported job withdrawal intentions (ranging from highest to lowest) was uncommitted, careerists, organizationists, and dually committed; for career with drawal intentions the ordering was uncommitted, organizationists, careerists, and dually committed.

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