Progression of the vegetation period and change of year are associated with variations in general climatic parameters, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, radiation, precipitation, wind speed and others. Only limited knowledge is available about the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of quality of fruits especially those with successive ripening such as goji berry. In our study, fruits of goji berry were characterised based on physico-chemical properties within four different harvest periods, in two consecutive years. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the pomological characteristics were superior at the beginning of the production season, while the phytochemical properties were better at the end. Fruit length, width and weight characteristics were noted to decrease from the first harvest to the last by 21%, 18% and 33%, respectively, while the total anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant activity properties increased by 264%, 48% and 105%, respectively. There was a decrease in fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width up to 15.9%, 18.3% and 6%, respectively and were directly associated with yield due to sink competition among fruits. Providing high ripening index that ensures more acceptable fruits, with high soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) seems to be a very important breeding objective to meet consumer demands thanks to superior organoleptic quality. According to correlations, the synthesis of phenolic compounds increased in parallel with SSC rise and TA, which improved pomological properties too. It is thought that the obtained results may indicate the cultural processes and evaluation methods to be used for the harvested fruits.
Plums belong to the subgenus Prunophora within the genus Prunus and include species originating from Europe, Asia, the Far East (Japanese plums), and North America such as Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica, and Prunus salicina. Plum plants grow in the wide climatic conditions of the northern and southern hemispheres. Turkey is the gene center of some plum species and has an important place in plum growing (Celik et al., 2017).Temperature increases due to climate change result in the early blooming of fruit trees (Funes et al., 2016;Szabo et al., 2017), while duration of the effects of late spring frosts and related damage increase (Rahimi et al., 2018). This threatens fruit trees, particularly stone fruit and nuts, which bloom early and have short blooming periods (Inouye, 2008;Mertoğlu and Evrenosoğlu, 2017). To help combat this issue, changes among different phenological phases in frost resistance were investigated. The sensitivity of current genetic resources to late spring frost were determined previously (
Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and apple scab (Venturia inequalis) that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple (‘Vista Bella’, ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ and ‘Jersey Mac’) grown in Eskisehir—Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19–50.88 mm, 51.48–60.81 mm, 80.59–86.16 g, 11.87–12.19%, 50.69–80.57%, 2.24–4.79 mg 100 mL−1 and 259.23–871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L−1, respectively. ‘Summer Red’ and ‘Williams Pride’ varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while ‘Vista Bella’ came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, ‘Jersey Mac’ has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics.
Ekolojiye uygun tür ve türlere ait çeşitlerin tespiti, üretimin, sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik olması bakımından son derece önemlidir. Bu bağlamda yürütülen çalışmada, Isparta ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen üç farklı elma çeşidinin ('Arapkızı', 'Fuji Kiku' ve 'Jonagold'), yöresel adaptasyonu ile ilgili sonuçlara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışılan özellikler arasında, korelasyonlar hesaplanarak, bu özelliklerin birlikte ele alınma potansiyelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Tam çiçeklenme, ilk olarak 'Jonagold' çeşidinde görülürken (17.04), hasadı en son yapılan 'Fuji Kiku' çeşidinin (22.09), aynı zamanda hasat olumuna ulaşmak için en uzun süreye (156 gün) ihtiyaç duyduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Ağaç başına en yüksek verim, 22.35 kg ağaç-1 ile 'Arapkızı' çeşidinden elde edilirken, 'Jonagold' 13.68 kg ağaç-1 ile bu özellik bakımından en düşük değerde bulunmuştur. Pomolojik özelliklerden meyve eni, boyu ve ağırlığı özellikleri en düşük 'Fuji Kiku', en yüksek ise 'Jonagold' çeşidinde ölçülmüş olup, sırası ile 66.44-73.17 mm, 55.52-63.34 mm ve 134.11-183.11 g aralıklarında tespit edilmiştir. Verim ile meyve boyu (-0.33) ve ağırlığı (-0.19) arasında negatif korelasyon tespit edilirken, belirtilen pomolojik özelliklerin, kabuk üst a değeri, titre edilebilir asit miktarı ve tam çiçeklenmeden hasada geçen süre özellikleri ile pozitif ilişki içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, sık dikime en uygun çeşidin 'Arapkızı' olduğu, meyve boyutları, ağırlığı ve renk değerleri bakımından ise 'Jonagold' çeşidinin ön plana çıktığı söylenebilir.
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