Plums belong to the subgenus Prunophora within the genus Prunus and include species originating from Europe, Asia, the Far East (Japanese plums), and North America such as Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica, and Prunus salicina. Plum plants grow in the wide climatic conditions of the northern and southern hemispheres. Turkey is the gene center of some plum species and has an important place in plum growing (Celik et al., 2017).Temperature increases due to climate change result in the early blooming of fruit trees (Funes et al., 2016;Szabo et al., 2017), while duration of the effects of late spring frosts and related damage increase (Rahimi et al., 2018). This threatens fruit trees, particularly stone fruit and nuts, which bloom early and have short blooming periods (Inouye, 2008;Mertoğlu and Evrenosoğlu, 2017). To help combat this issue, changes among different phenological phases in frost resistance were investigated. The sensitivity of current genetic resources to late spring frost were determined previously (
Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and apple scab (Venturia inequalis) that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple (‘Vista Bella’, ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ and ‘Jersey Mac’) grown in Eskisehir—Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19–50.88 mm, 51.48–60.81 mm, 80.59–86.16 g, 11.87–12.19%, 50.69–80.57%, 2.24–4.79 mg 100 mL−1 and 259.23–871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L−1, respectively. ‘Summer Red’ and ‘Williams Pride’ varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while ‘Vista Bella’ came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, ‘Jersey Mac’ has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics.
The quality characteristics (dry matter content, soluble solid concentration, kernel colour, sugar, starch and protein content) of fresh, frozen and canned kernels of seven sweet corn varieties (‘Lumina’, ‘Merit’, ‘Sunshine’, ‘Jubilee’, ‘Challenger’, ‘Yellow Baby’ and ‘2201’) were studied. The present research was conducted during 2009 and 2010 in Eskisehir, Midwestern Turkey. The trials were set up in randomised complete block design, with four replications. Ears were harvested and randomly selected for analysis as fresh, frozen and canned. Dry matter content ranged from 34.2% (‘2201’) to 39.5% (‘Yellow Baby’), soluble solid concentration from 16.3% (‘2201’) to 27.4% (‘Yellow Baby’). The sugar content of fresh kernelswas higher than other treatments (frozen and canned) for all varieties. The starch content of the varieties was decreased after processing, except in ‘Yellow Baby’. Fresh, frozen and canned sweet corn kernels had similar protein contents; the highest protein content was obtained, for all treatments, from ‘Challenger’, and it maintained its higher protein content after processing. /span>‘2201’ had the highest sugar and the lowest starch content for fresh, frozen and canned varieties. When compared on a kernel basis, sweet corn marketed as fresh, frozen or canned, it may be feasible to select varieties for different sweet corn markets.
The objective of this study was to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic correlations of yield, yield components and kernel quality traits in seven sweet corn varieties. The present research was conducted during 2009 and 2010 growing season in Eskisehir, midwestern Turkey. The trials were set up in randomised complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance observed highly significant differences for all the examined traits in both years. Sugar content, soluble solid concentration and number of leaves per plant revealed the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation values. The high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance for sugar content, soluble solid concentration and starch content. Positive correlations were revealed between yield (husked, dehusked and fresh kernel) and yield components except plant height and 1000 seed weight. Negative correlations were found between kernel quality and yield and yield related traits. It can be concluded that, husked ear weight and dehusked ear weight could be used as the main criteria for yield improvement. It should be unfeasible to develop sweet corn varieties with satisfactory yield potential and improved kernel quality for the different sweet corn markets.
Fire blight is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits, especially pears. In current conditions when the demand for organic products is increasing, improvement of resistant rootstock and varieties is becoming important due to the lack of an effective disease management method against fire blight caused by Erwinia amy-lovora as well as the harmful effects of chemicals on environment, human and animal health. The findings of the researchers as to which variety performs well in terms of the transmission of fire blight resistance are quite important for new breeding programs. In the study, three varieties with high commercial value (Magness, Santa Maria and Williams) were identified as the maternal parents and 21 hybridization combinations were made with seven varieties (Akça, Ankara, Conference, Güz, Kaiser Alexandre, Kieffer and Taş) as pollinators. The Magness maternal parent was found superior when compared with the other maternal parents for the variety susceptibility level to fire blight. Apart from the differences in the susceptibility level of 21 different combinations of hybrids to fire blight, the commercially superior ten hybrids (I-15-24, II-13-1, II-13-19, II-13-34, II-13-73, II-27-21, II-27-55, II -32-44, III-22-638, III-27-590) have been determined via the weighted ranking method from the parameters of disease resistance and different fruit characteristics measuring the commercial preference of the fruits such as fruit quality, attractiveness, size, firmness and rustiness
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