The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) added to diets on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence (DI), blood metabolites, relative organ weight, and intestinal morphometry of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (K88). A total of 64 crossbred entire male piglets (25-day-old and 7.16 ± 0.28 kg body weight) were allocated into four treatments: control diet (CD^–), CD^– + antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), CD^– + 15 mg IAP/kg of diet and CD^– + 30 mg IAP/kg of diet, with eight replications. At 15 days, all piglets were orally challenged with 6 ml of a solution containing K88 (10⁶ colony forming units/ml). Microencapsulated IAP in acid solution showed 14.43% solubility and pH values of 1.69, 1.72, 1.51, and 1.52 at the different times measured (0.5 h, 1.0 h, 17.0 h, and 24 h); differently, IAP in basic solution had 4.10% solubility and pH values increased (5.95, 6.10, 6.32 and 6.63) according to the different times, respectively. On days 25–35, piglets that received 30 mg IAP and CD^– showed a better feed conversion ratio (P = 0.075) compared to those fed 15 mg IAP. Piglets that consumed 30 mg IAP or CD^– had higher (P = 0.004) average daily gain on days 35–44. On days 35–44, the piglet average daily feed intake was lower (P = 0.033) with 15 mg IAP compared to AGP. In the entire period, piglets fed 15 mg IAP showed a reduction in average daily gain (P = 0.040) and average daily feed intake (P = 0.092). Piglets on 30 mg IAP showed an improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in DI in the pre-and post-challenge periods. The relative spleen weight of the piglet increased (P = 0.043) in response to 30 mg IAP. Overall, the addition of 30 mg IAP to diets improves the growth performance, attenuates DI, and promotes an increase in spleen relative weight to maintain the healthy state of piglets.

RESUMO O farelo de crambe é um resíduo que tem sido estudado como fonte proteica alternativa ao farelo de soja. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a inclusão do farelo de crambe na alimentação de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 390 codornas, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições de 13 aves por parcela. As fases experimentais foram: inicial (8 a 21 dias), crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e total (8 a 35 dias). Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração testemunha sem o farelo de crambe e os demais pela inclusão da proteína do farelo de crambe em substituição a do farelo de soja nos níveis de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%. Avaliou-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. O rendimento de carcaça, cortes e análise de rentabilidade econômica foram avaliados aos 35 dias de idade. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o desempenho das codornas alimentadas com rações em que houve inclusão do farelo de crambe para todas as fases avaliadas. Da mesma forma, em relação às características de carcaça não se observou efeito da inclusão do farelo de crambe nas rações. Portanto, recomenda-se a inclusão do farelo de crambe nas rações de codornas em até 12% do nível de proteína, por não influenciar negativamente no desempenho das aves. Para o estudo da análise de rentabilidade econômica, o tratamento que apresentou o melhor índice foi o de 6% de inclusão da proteína do farelo de crambe.

Alimentos alternativos. Fatores antinutricionais. Fibra bruta.resUMo Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição da proteína da ração pela proteína do farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica) sobre o desempenho dos frangos de corte na fase inicial (oito a 21 dias). Foram utilizados 420 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb 500®, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 21 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos experimentais constituíram de uma ração testemunha sem o farelo de crambe e os demais pela substituição da proteína da ração nos níveis de 5, 10, 15 e 20%. Não houve efeito significativo para conversão alimentar dos frangos, no entanto, observou-se efeito linear decrescente para o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso das aves, à medida que a proteína do crambe substituiu a proteína da ração. Verificou-se redução do consumo de ração aos níveis de 10, 15 e 20% de substituição da proteína. Para o ganho de peso, os menores valores observados foram para os níveis de 15 e 20% de substituição, enquanto que os níveis de 5 e 10% não diferiram em relação ao tratamento testemunha. Portanto, recomenda-se a substituição do farelo de crambe na ração até o nível de 10% por não influenciar negativamente no ganho de peso dos frangos de corte.inforMation Cronología del artículo. Recibido/Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal in diets for broilers chickens sUMMarY A experiment was conducted to evaluate the substitution of the crude protein from the ration for the protein from crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal on the performance of broilers in starter phase (eight to 21 days). A total of 420 male chicks of the Cobb strain were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications of 21 broilers each. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet without the crambe meal and other substitution of protein from ration for crude protein from crambe meal in levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. There was no significant effect for the feed conversion of the chickens, however, there was a decreasing linear effect for feed intake and weight gain of the birds, to the extent that crambe protein replaced the protein ration. A Reduction in the feed intake at 10, 15 and 20% levels of protein substitution was observed. For the weight gain, the lowest values observed were for the 15 and 20% replacement levels, whereas the levels of 5 and 10% did not differ in relation to the control treatment. Therefore, it can be recommended to replace the crambe meal in the feed level of 10% without negatively influencing the weight gain of broilers. additional keYwordsAlternative foods. Anti-nutritional factors. Crude fiber.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of broilers fed a diet in which the total protein has been replaced by the protein of the crambe meal. The experiment was used 630 male chickens (Cobb® 500) from 8 to 42 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, six replications of 21 birds per plot. The treatments were: control diet (0%) and diets containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of crambe meal protein in replacement of the total protein of the feed. The performance was evaluated in the initial phase (8 to 21 days), growth (22 to 42 days) and total (8 to 42 days). Carcass and cuts was evaluated at 43 days of age. Diets containing crambe meal promoted lower feed intake compared with to the control diet in all evaluated phases. For weight gain, a worse result was observed with increased inclusion of crambe protein, with a linear decrease compared to those who did not receive crambe in the total breeding period. It was found that for the total period the best feed conversion was obtained with 6% of the inclusion of crambe protein in comparison to the crambe-free diet. Carcass, breast and thigh weights decreased with a diet containing 12% of the crambe protein. The results indicate that it is possible to partially replace the crude protein of the feed up to 6% with the protein of the crambe meal.

The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional-energetic value of guava seed meal (GSM) for piglets in the starter phase and its effects on feed digestibility, growth performance, plasma parameter and diarrhea incidence. Assay I (digestibility testing) involved 16 entire male piglets with average initial body weight of 18.91 ± 1.36 kg were distributed in a randomized block design, allocated to two treatments with eight replications. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and a test diet with a 20% replacement by GSM. In assay II (performance testing), 128 entire male piglets and average initial body weight of 14.47 ± 2.09 kg were distributed in a randomized block design, with four treatments repeated four times in two blocks. Treatments consisted of increasing levels of GSM (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). Values higher were found for glutamine and arginine. The high GE value of the GSM was reflected in an elevated AMCGE of the feed, with greater DM and CP digestibility. There was difference (P < 0.05) for average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, urea and diarrhea. In conclusion, GSM does not affect apparent nutrient digestibility, and it promotes greater feed intake up to 10% inclusion and 15% improves diarrhea incidence.

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