The therapeutic use of probiotics for supporting the antibiotic action against gastrointestinal disorders is a current trend and emerging applications have gained popularity because of their support for various microbiological activities in digestive processes. Microorganisms isolated from kefir with great probiotic properties, in addition to high resistance to harsh environmental conditions, have been widely researched. Administration of probiotic yeasts offers a number of advantages, when compared to bacteria, because of particular characteristics as their larger cell size. In the present study, 28 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated, after in vitro digestion of kefir-fermented milk, and identified by molecular based approaches. A screening was performed to determine important quality requirements for probiotics including: antagonistic and antioxidant activities, β-galactosidase synthesis, autoaggregation, surface hydrophobicity and adhesion to epithelial cells. The results showed strains: with antagonistic activity against microbial pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis; able to produce β-galactosidase; with antioxidant activity levels higher than 90%; with hydrophobicity activity and autoaggregation ability (evaluated by adhesion test, where all the strains presented adhesion to mice ileal epithelial cells). These findings are relevant and the strains are recommended for further in vivo studies as well as for potential therapeutic applications.

Uma das vertentes da bioquímica está relacionada com o estudo das estruturas tridimensionais das macromoléculas envolvidas na formação celular. Por não serem visíveis a olho nu, exige um alto grau de complexidade para sua compressão. O objetivo do trabalho caracterizou-se na produção de materiais didáticos feita com materiais reutilizáveis, relacionado os conceitos bioquímicos e estruturais das macromoléculas. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário aos estudantes do 1° ano do Ensino Médio de um colégio público estadual do Recife. Observou-se que as concepções prévias dos estudantes apresentavam conceitos generalistas e/ou equivocados. Estas concepções foram relevantes para intervenção, realizada de forma expositiva e dialogada, utilizando modelos didáticos, em seguida, o mesmo questionário foi respondido. Os modelos didáticos podem ser utilizados como ferramentas em auxílio ao professor no processo ensino-aprendizagem bem como para acompanhar o progresso dos estudantes.

Capítulo 2: Investigação sobre a condutividade e comportamento de fases de hidrocarboneto/tensoativos não iônicos/água sob a forma de micelas inversas ......... 12

This study set out to isolate microrganisms strains with probiotic characteristics after simulating the in vitro digestion of sheep milk fermented by kefir grains. Three lactobacilli with probiotic characteristics were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Assays characterized these strains as probiotic since they tolerated acid pH and bile salts, had antibiotic resistance, antagonist activity, antioxidant activity, presence of β-galactosidase enzyme and other tests revealed adhesion capacity. All strains presented antioxidant activity and survived at different pH and bile salts. These strains can be considered safe because they were susceptible to antibiotics tested, possess antagonist activity to pathogens and high β-galactosidase activity. As to adhesion criteria (hydrophobicity and autoaggregation), L. rhamnosus Lb16 stood out, as it also adheres to the intestinal epithelium cells of mice. The analysis of L. rhamnosus Lb16 can assist the dairy industry to enhance the potential human health benefits of its products. This paper is an important contribution to probiotics isolated after simulation of the in vitro digestion of fermented sheep milk by kefir grains, this has a differential due to its different characteristics which afforded the isolation of resistant strains to gastrointestinal conditions.

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The species Clusia nemorosa is popularly known as "camaçari". The flowers are visited by bees, mainly native and the floral resin is used for the construction of nests, being the polyisoprenylated benzophenones the main components of this resin. The present work aimed to analyze the chemical constituents of the flowers and fruits of Clusia nemorosa. The flowers and fruits were extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extract was subjected to extraction in solid phase with methanol. Analyzes of the methanolic fraction by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry (UPL das benzofenonas prenilados detectados C-DAD-qTOF-MS) and combined with the use of data-independent acquisition (MS E) for the profiling and structural characterisation of the compounds. The compounds were identified as condensed tannins, steroids and isomers of prenylated benzophenones. The chemical profile when compared of flowers and fruits showed little variation. The analysis of the high resolution mass spectra allowed to identify, classify and separate the two main types of nuclei from the prenylated benzophenones present in the flowers and fruits of Clusia nemorosa. A espécie Clusia nemorosa é popularmente conhecida como "camaçari". As flores são visitadas por abelhas, principamente nativas e a resina floral é utilizada para a construção de seus ninhos, sendo as benzofenonas poliisopreniladas os principais componentes desta resina. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os constituintes químicos das flores e frutos de Clusia nemorosa. As flores e frutos foram extraídos com etanol. O extrato etanólico foi submetido a extração em fase sólida com metanol. As análises da fração metanólica foram realizadas através da cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada ao detector de arranjo de diodos e espectrômetro de massas por tempo de vôo. Os compostos foram identificados como taninos condensados, esteroide e isômeros de benzofenonas preniladas. O perfil químico das flores e frutos quando comparado apresentou pouca variação. A análise dos espectros de massas de alta resolução permitiu identificar, classificar e separar os dois principais tipos de núcleos das benzofenonas preniladas presentes nas flores e frutos de Clusia nemorosa.

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