Salivary gland tumours represent about 6% of head and neck neoplasms and about 0.5% of all malignancies in humans. Tumour growth and malignant transformation are complex processes involving various actions of molecules. Furthermore, some malignant salivary gland tumours are deemed to be caused by dedifferentiation or malignant transformation of benign tumours. The mechanisms of this transformation depend on a variety of different elements, such as cell cycle regulators, oncogenes, proteins, angiogenesis factors, and adipocytokines. The authors used PubMed, Medline, and Google websites to find and review the most significant papers related to malignant transformation in benign salivary gland tumours.

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Background The aim of the study was to present rare sinus syndromes known as silent sinus syndrome (SSS) and frontal sinus syndrome with excessive pneumatization and bone defects in the wall (pneumocele). The available literature describing pneumocele cases was reviewed. Methodology PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was finding descriptions of the sinus pneumocele. In the end, papers on frontal sinus pneumocele that was not the result of trauma, congenital defects or comorbidities were selected. Moreover, the authors presented their own cases of SSS and pneumocele. Results Twelve case reports of frontal sinus pneumocele were found, one own case was presented. In addition, 8 subjects with SSS, diagnosed and treated in the period from September 2017 to May 2022, were described. Conclusions With the increasing number of patients suffering from sinus diseases and the growing number of endoscopic surgeries, the knowledge of rare sinus syndromes will increase the safety of the procedures performed.

WstępCOVID-19 (<i>coronavirus disease 2019</i>), choroba wywołana infekcją SARS-CoV-2 (<i>severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</i>), może charakteryzować się mniej lub bardziej nasilonym przebiegiem. Celem niniejszego opracowania była analiza objawów, jakie wystąpiły w grupie osób z dodatnim wynikiem testu na obecność materiału genetycznego wirusa.Materiał i metodyAnalizę przeprowadzono na podstawie wyników ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród 337 polskich pacjentów – 185 (55%) kobiet oraz 152 (45%) mężczyzn w wieku 18–86 lat. Kwestionariusz zawierał 26 pytań, z czego 11 dotyczyło objawów ogólnoustrojowych. Określono częstość ich występowania oraz nasilenie w skali VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).WynikiDo najczęstszych objawów, występujących u ponad 50% ankietowanych, należą: ogólne osłabienie (91% ankietowanych, nasilenie 6,25 w skali VAS), bóle układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego (77%, VAS 5,67), bóle głowy (65%, VAS 5,37) oraz kaszel (56%, VAS 4,76). Chorobie rzadziej towarzyszyły katar, gorączka powyżej 38°C oraz bóle gardła, które wystąpiły u 39% pacjentów. Najrzadziej występowały biegunka (23%), zmiany skórne (7%) oraz wymioty (3%). Określając współczynnik korelacji, stwierdzono również, iż duszności występowały najczęściej z ogólnym osłabieniem (r = 1), natomiast rzadziej ogólnemu osłabieniu towarzyszyły bóle mięśniowo-szkieletowe (r = 0,8). Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych zależności między częstością występowania danych objawów a wiekiem, płcią czy chorobami współistniejącymi u ankietowanych.WnioskiObserwacje wykazały, iż w analizowanej grupie zakażonych SARS-CoV-2 choroba miała przebieg łagodny lub umiarkowany. Najczęstszymi objawami były: ogólne zmęczenie, bóle mięśniowo-szkieletowe, kaszel oraz objawy nieżytu górnych dróg oddechowych.

Introduction: Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest medical challenges. Observations of patients worldwide suggest differences in the severity of the disease depending on demographic and epidemiological factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify demographic factors that may affect the course of COVID-19. Material and methods: The study included 337 patients who had been infected with COVID-19 from December 2020 to June 2021. A retrospective survey containing questions about gender, age, BMI, blood group, smoking, comorbidities, and the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Older patients declared that the course of the disease was more burdensome. Comorbid oncological diseases contributed to the longer course of COVID-19. On average, women reported one symptom more than men. Patients with type 2 diabetes reported an average of 1.6 symptoms less; olfactory dysfunction and headaches were less frequent in this group. Olfactory dysfunction was more common in younger patients. Conclusion: Particular attention needs to be paid to elderly patients due to the greater

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a relatively new diagnostic imaging method. It was first used in 1982 at the Mayo Clinic Biodynamics Research Laboratory [1], and since 2001 is commercially used in dentistry. In differs from multidetector computed tomography in terms of implementation technique and some parameters. A low dose of radiation is its greatest advantage, thanks to which many specialists, including ENT doctors and reconstructive surgeons, are more willing to use it. In otorhinolaryngology, CBCT is applied in pre- and peri-operative diagnostics in both rhinology and otology. In reconstructive surgery, CBCT facilitates precise planning of the flap, and intraoperatively allows a perfect match of the reconstructed tissue elements. In the article, the authors present current information on CBCT in ENT obtained on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature and share their own experience in its application in reconstructive surgery within the craniofacial region.

Background:The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing acute respiratory disease, is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020. In addition to symptoms typical of respiratory tract infections, the virus causes a number of non-specific, often long-lasting effects that hinder the daily functioning of individuals. The aim of the study was a subjective assessment of life quality and health perception among recovered COVID-19 patients. Material and Methods: The study included 337 subjects who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by a positive RT-PCR test. The study participants were of legal age. The convalescents completed a questionnaire that contained 26 questions about gender, height, body weight, blood type, general and specific symptoms, comorbidities, hospital stay and duration of specific symptoms, the severity of which was assessed on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The subjects determined whether the COVID-19 infection influenced their health perception and life quality. Results: According to 46% of the respondents, COVID-19 had an impact on their quality of life and health. The chance for patients to notice the negative effects of COVID-19 on their current health status and life quality increased with each subsequent symptom of the disease by 49%, with each day of its occurrence by 3%, and with each VAS point of the severity of all infection symptoms by 30%. Conclusions: The study shows that COVID-19 disease affects life quality and overall health perception after recovery. Significant impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life should be a signal to create mental support and rehabilitation programs for convalescents to minimize discomfort and shorten the duration of absenteeism from work. Med Pr. 2022;73(6)