KIT/PDGFRA mutational status has prognostic significance for patients' outcome and may help in management of patients with GISTs.
The relationship between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and sunlight’s ultraviolet radiation was proved. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenic traits of MS. Melatonin possesses antioxidative properties and regulates circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances in MS patients are common and contribute to daytime fatigue. The aim of study was to evaluate 5 mg daily melatonin supplementation over 90 days on serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and its influence on sleep quality and depression level of MS patients. A case–control prospective study was performed on 102 MS patients and 20 controls matched for age and sex. The Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale, magnetic resonance imaging examinations, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires were completed. Serum TOS and TAC levels were measured. We observed higher serum levels of TOS in all MS groups, while after melatonin treatment the TOS levels significantly decreased. The TAC level was significantly lower only in mitoxantrone-treated group and it increased after melatonin supplementation. A strong positive correlation between T1Gd(+) number lesions and TAC level in interferon-beta-1A group was observed. AIS group mean score above 6 defining insomnia were observed in interferon-beta-1B-group, glatiramer acetate-group and mitoxantrone-group: 6.62 ± 2.88, 8.45 ± 2.07, 11.1 ± 3.25, respectively. After melatonin treatment the AIS mean scores decrease in glatiramer acetate-group and mitoxantrone-group achieving 5.25 ± 1.14 and 7.08 ± 2.39, respectively (p < 0.05). Finding from our study suggest that melatonin can act as an antioxidant and improves reduced sleep quality in MS patients.
Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a relatively rare disease; however, it is prevalent enough for every ENT practitioner to encounter it several times throughout medical routines. Despite the developments in experimental and clinical medicine as well as surgical techniques, our knowledge of this disease is still inadequate. With improved imaging and better diagnostic techniques, proper diagnosis and qualification for surgical approaches leave no doubt. Although the endoscopic approach seems to be the gold standard for such condition, some cases may additionally require an external approach. Regardless of the type of surgery, postoperative management is crucial for both healing and long-term follow-up. Unfortunately, the procedures are still lacking in explicit and standardized postoperative management guidelines. Moreover, an important issue is still the need for a biomarker indicative of inverted papilloma and its malignant transformation. Several particles, within the spotlight of the researchers, have been SCCA, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Wnt proteins, and many more. Nevertheless, the topic requires further investigations.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease involving oxidative stress (OS). This study was aimed at examination of the effect of melatonin supplementation on OS parameters, especially oxidative protein modifications of blood serum proteins, in MS patients. The study included 11 control subjects, 14 de novo diagnosed MS patients with the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS), 36 patients with RRMS receiving interferon beta-1b (250 μg every other day), and 25 RRMS patients receiving interferon beta-1b plus melatonin (5 mg daily). The levels of N′-formylkynurenine, kynurenine, dityrosine, carbonyl groups, advanced glycation products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde were elevated in nontreated RRSM patients. N′-Formylkynurenine, kynurenine, AGEs, and carbonyl contents were decreased only in the group treated with interferon beta plus melatonin, while dityrosine and AOPP contents were decreased both in the group of patients treated with interferon beta and in the group treated with interferon beta-1b plus melatonin. These results demonstrate that melatonin ameliorates OS in MS patients supporting the view that combined administration of interferon beta-1b and melatonin can be more effective in reducing OS in MS patients than interferon beta-1b alone.
lethal and highly pathogenic coronavirus known as SARS -CoV -2 has been reported in China. 5 The first cases of the new coronavirus infection were observed in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Furthermore, a cluster of cases with a clinical presentation of viral pneumonia was also noted. 6 The assessment of the lower respiratory tract samples confirmed the presence of the novel coronavirus, which was contagious among humans. Terms such as "Wuhan coronavirus" or "the new coronavirus" (2019 -nCoV) were commonly used until January 2020. The official name, ie, SARS -CoV -2, which was based on taxonomic designation, appeared on February 11, 2020. At the same time, World Health Organization termed the disease "COVID -19." 7 The recent pneumonia outbreak was associated with a large animal and seafood market. However, the investigations are ongoing Introduction Coronaviruses represent a large group of positive -strand RNA viruses, genetically classified into 4 major genera, ie, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and deltacoronaviruses. They mainly cause respiratory and enteric diseases in animals and humans. 1 So far, 6 subtypes of human coronaviruses have been recognized, namely, human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV -NL63), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV -229E), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV -OC43), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV -HKU1), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS -CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS--CoV). 2 Although human coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s, 3 only the SARS -CoV epidemic in 2003 followed by the MERS -CoV epidemic in 2013 drew the attention of researchers worldwide. 4 While the clinical implications of the MERS -CoV epidemic are still noticeable, another
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