RESUMO:A prática baseada em evidências é uma abordagem que encoraja o desenvolvimento e/ ou utilização de resultados de pesquisas na prática clínica. Devido à quantidade e complexidade de informações na área da saúde, há necessidade de produção de métodos de revisão de literatura, dentre estes, destacamos a revisão integrativa. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi apresentar os conceitos gerais e as etapas para a elaboração da revisão integrativa, bem como aspectos relevantes sobre a aplicabilidade deste método para a pesquisa na saúde e enfermagem. A revisão integrativa é um método de pesquisa que permite a busca, a avaliação crítica e a síntese das evidências disponíveis do tema investigado, sendo o seu produto final o estado atual do conhecimento do tema investigado, a implementação de intervenções efetivas na assistência à saúde e a redução de custos, bem como a identificação de lacunas que direcionam para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas.ABSTRACT: Evidence based practice is an approach that encourages the development and/or use of research results in clinical practice. Due to the quantity and complexity of information in health care, literature review methods need to be produced. Among such methods, we highlight the integrative review. Hence, this study aimed to present the general concepts and steps for the elaboration of an integrative review, as well as relevant aspects about the applicability of this method for health and nursing research. The integrative review is a research method that allows for the search, critical assessment, and synthesis of available evidence about the research theme. Its end product is the current stage of knowledge about the investigated theme, the implementation of effective interventions in health care and cost reduction, as well as the identification of gaps that indicate developments for future research. RESUMEN:La práctica basada en evidencias es una aproximación que encoraja el desarrollo y/o utilización de resultados de investigaciones en la práctica clínica. Debido a la cuantidad y la complejidad de informaciones en el área de la salud, es necesario producir métodos de revisión de la literatura, entre los cuales destacamos la revisión integradora. Así, la finalidad del estudio fue presentar los conceptos generales y las etapas para la elaboración de la revisión integradora, y también, aspectos relevantes sobre la aplicabilidad de ese método para la investigación en la salud y la enfermería. La revisión integradora es un método de investigación que permite la búsqueda, la evaluación crítica y la síntesis de las evidencias disponibles sobre el tema investigado, siendo su producto final el estado actual del conocimiento del tema investigado, la implementación de intervenciones efectivas en la atención a la salud y la reducción de costos, y también, la identificación de vacíos que dirigen hacia el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Pesquisa. Enfermagem. Saúde.

Objective: present the use of the bibliographic reference manager EndNote( as a support tool in the construction of a database and the selection of primary studies to develop integrative reviews. Method: a reflection study was undertaken, based on the international and the Brazilian literature. Results: the elaboration of an integrative review permits summarizing the knowledge about the theme of interest delimited in the health area, which can contribute by providing recommendations based on research results for clinical practice, as well as by identifying knowledge gaps, driving future research development. The use of bibliographic reference management tools is important for the selection of primary studies, permitting the location of repeated references, identification of languages, selection of publication periods and the creation of citations in the elaboration of the scientific text, among other resources. Conclusion: the advance in technologies, particularly the software EndNote(, has provided resources for the practicability of knowledge synthesis methods, in a transparent and replicable manner, consequently entailing a better quality of this type of study.

ABSTRACT:In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurse's role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurse's role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS:Organ transplantation. Nurse's role. Nursing care. TRANSPLANTE DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS: RESPONSABILIDADES DO ENFERMEIRO RESUMO:No Brasil, mais de 30.000 pacientes aguardam em fila de espera para a realização de transplantes de órgãos. A complexidade desta modalidade terapêutica exige preparo especializado e constante da equipe de profissionais de saúde envolvidos no cuidado do paciente. No cotidiano da prática, o enfermeiro é desafiado a prover assistência com qualidade aos pacientes e familiares. Frente à necessidade de definir o papel do enfermeiro no processo de doação e transplantes e a relevância de divulgação desta área de atuação, elaborou-se a presente revisão narrativa que teve como objetivo tecer considerações sobre o papel e as responsabilidades do enfermeiro que atua em programa de transplantes de órgãos e tecidos. Os textos encontrados foram lidos, organizados e sintetizados em cinco categorias temáticas, a saber: definição do papel do enfermeiro no transplante, diferença entre o enfermeiro clínico e o enfermeiro coordenador de transplante, aspectos legais e éticos, pesquisa e informação e educação em transplantes. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro deve ter conhecimento dos princípios de boas práticas e ter recursos disponíveis para avaliar o mérito, riscos e questões sociais relacionadas aos transplantes. DESCRITORES:Transplante de órgãos. Papel do profissional de enfermagem. Cuidados de enfermagem. TRASPLANTE DE ÓRGANOS Y TEJIDOS: RESPONSABILIDADES DE LAS ENFERMERASRESUMEN: En Brasil más de 30.000 pacientes están esperando en fila para la realización de trasplantes de órganos. La complejidad de esta modalidad terapéutica requiere una formación especializada y un equipo permanente de profesionales de salud familiarizados con la atención y el cuidado de los pacientes. En la práctica todos los días, las enfermeras tienen el reto de brindar atención de calidad a los pacientes y ...

It is well known that during hepatic operative procedures, it is often critical that the irrigation is interrupted to avoid possible bleeding, blood transfusions, variable intensities, and their short and long-term consequences. It was believed in the past that the flow interruption should not exceed 20 minutes, which limited the use of this maneuver. However, it has been postulated that ischemia could be maintained for more than 60 minutes in healthy livers. The present paper review includes: 1) A brief introduction to justify the rationale of the review design; 2) Aspects of the pathophysiology of the three stages of the liver ischemia-reperfusion injury; 3) The innate and acquired immunity; 4) Oxidative stress; 5) Apoptosis and autophagy, Some essential biomarkers (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, nitric oxide, metalloproteinases); and, finally; 6) Preventive ("cheating") strategies, non-pharmacological and pharmacological options to treat the liver IR injury.

This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates. Keywords: Directed tissue donation/ethics; Organ transplantation; Bioethics; Family RESUMO Este estudo, de revisão bibliográfica, objetivou tecer considerações teóricas sobre doação de órgãos e tecidos e sua relação com o corpo em nossa sociedade. O aumento da taxa de doação depende de um olhar ampliado além das questões técnicas do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos. Vários países, com larga experiência temporal e, que trabalham sistematicamente nesse processo, incorporaram a abordagem social e a perspectiva ética, baseadas no voluntarismo das famílias e no respeito ao direito de autonomia dos potenciais doadores. O acompanhamento do corpo, pós-doação, solicitado pelas famílias, representa o início do luto pela morte de um parente, parte da prática de ritual fúnebre cultuada em nossa sociedade. As ações que asseguram uma sequência ético-legal, definida na legislação dos transplantes, pressupõem compromisso com a qualidade e segurança do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos, que deve ser rigorosamente perseguida pelos profissionais que trabalham na área. Espera-se, assim, que essas atitudes construam uma cultura positiva sobre a doação no país, contribuindo, a longo prazo, para o aumento nas taxas de doação. Descritores: Doação dirigida de tecido/ética; Transplante de órgãos; Bioética; Família RESUMEN Se trata de un estudio de revisión de literatura dirigida a elaborar consideraciones teóricas sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos y su relación con el cuerpo en nuestra sociedad. El aumento de la tasa de donación depende de una visión que va más allá de las cuestiones técnicas en el proceso de la donación de órganos y tejidos. Varios países con gran tiempo de experiencia, trabajando sistemáticamente en este proceso con un enfoque que incorpora el punto de vista social y ético, basado en voluntarios y respetando en las familias el derecho a la autonomía de los...

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Although the brain death diagnosis is scientifically and legally defined in Brazil and the maintenance of the potential organ donor for transplantation purposes has been addressed during the last years, there are still some doubts about the subject, as its understanding varies according to the personal beliefs, culture, and educational background of individuals, including those who work in this scenario.

Objective: The objective in this study was to analyze candidates' knowledge on the liver transplantation process before and after putting in practice an educational intervention. Method:A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest research design was adopted. The final sample included 15 subjects. Research data were collected between January and March 2010 in three phases, which were: pretest, implementation of the educational intervention (two meetings) and posttest. Results: The results evidenced significant cognitive gains after the intervention, with improvements in the participants' performance. Conclusions: The research presents evidence that putting in practice a patient education strategy can enhance candidates' knowledge on the liver transplantation process and consequently contribute to a successful treatment.