Transplante de órgãos e tecidos: responsabilidades do enfermeiro

Abstract

ABSTRACT:In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurse's role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurse's role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS:Organ transplantation. Nurse's role. Nursing care. TRANSPLANTE DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS: RESPONSABILIDADES DO ENFERMEIRO RESUMO:No Brasil, mais de 30.000 pacientes aguardam em fila de espera para a realização de transplantes de órgãos. A complexidade desta modalidade terapêutica exige preparo especializado e constante da equipe de profissionais de saúde envolvidos no cuidado do paciente. No cotidiano da prática, o enfermeiro é desafiado a prover assistência com qualidade aos pacientes e familiares. Frente à necessidade de definir o papel do enfermeiro no processo de doação e transplantes e a relevância de divulgação desta área de atuação, elaborou-se a presente revisão narrativa que teve como objetivo tecer considerações sobre o papel e as responsabilidades do enfermeiro que atua em programa de transplantes de órgãos e tecidos. Os textos encontrados foram lidos, organizados e sintetizados em cinco categorias temáticas, a saber: definição do papel do enfermeiro no transplante, diferença entre o enfermeiro clínico e o enfermeiro coordenador de transplante, aspectos legais e éticos, pesquisa e informação e educação em transplantes. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro deve ter conhecimento dos princípios de boas práticas e ter recursos disponíveis para avaliar o mérito, riscos e questões sociais relacionadas aos transplantes. DESCRITORES:Transplante de órgãos. Papel do profissional de enfermagem. Cuidados de enfermagem. TRASPLANTE DE ÓRGANOS Y TEJIDOS: RESPONSABILIDADES DE LAS ENFERMERASRESUMEN: En Brasil más de 30.000 pacientes están esperando en fila para la realización de trasplantes de órganos. La complejidad de esta modalidad terapéutica requiere una formación especializada y un equipo permanente de profesionales de salud familiarizados con la atención y el cuidado de los pacientes. En la práctica todos los días, las enfermeras tienen el reto de brindar atención de calidad a los pacientes y ...

Effectiveness in the performance of organ transplants in the State of Paraná, Brazil

“…Thus, it was shown that the state of Paraná, as well as Brazil, has been struggling to increase the number of effective donations and transplanted patients in all spheres [8,38].…”

Fragilidades na atenção ao potencial doador de órgãos: percepção de enfermeiros

“…This is because the clinical skills required for this practice go beyond those obtained in nursing school 16 , adding to this is the fact that this subject is still approached weakly in undergraduate and graduate courses in health 17,18 .…”

“…This aspect is due to the fact that the nurse is part of the structure for the development of organ maintenance and procurement programs 16 . It is upon the nurse to plan, execute, coordinate, supervise and evaluate the nursing procedures provided to the donor of organs and tissues, with the following duties: to notify the CNCDO of the existence of a potential donor; to interview the legal guardian of the donor; to apply the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (SNA) to the process of organ and tissue donation; to document, record and file the donation/transplant process in the donor and recipient's records; and to enforce the agreement reached at the end of the donation 19 .…”

Liver harvesting from the donor to the transplantee: A proposed protocol for nurses

“…In recent years, there have been many advances in the transplantation sector, both nationally and internationally. In 2014, 29,534 organ transplants were performed in the United States of America (USA), 6,729 of which were liver transplants 2 . In the same period, 7,898 organ transplants were carried out in Brazil, with 1,755 liver transplants.…”

“…The development of a well-established transplant program depends on the performance of various professionals in various stages, from identification of potential donors to the realization of transplants and their outpatient follow-up 3 . As part of the multi-professional team, it can be seen that the nurse plays a decisive role in the success of a transplant program, acting in the process of organ donation and with the candidates and transplant recipients, whether in a clinical nursing role and/or as coordinator 6 . Thus, clinical nurses need to develop core competencies for the complexity of care in the various stages of the pre-transplant, intraoperative and post-transplantation periods, outpatient follow-up, live donors, professional development, professional practice and ethics 7 .…”