Background Nurses are considered important healthcare professionals during the management of the pandemic process due to the considerable amount of time they spend in the face‐to‐face nursing of infected patients. To optimise the service of healthcare workers, it is recommended that the mental health needs of the health workforce are addressed. Aims and Objectives This study aimed to explore the experiences and coping strategies of Turkish nurses working in pandemic units. Methods A grounded theory design was applied. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 nurses. The data were analysed according to the constant comparative method. Results The study generated a core category (‘It was difficult working in the unknown, but our struggle to touch lives gave us strength’), showing that all nurses felt heroic via the satisfaction of touching patients’ lives and uncertain. Four main categories emerged: being caught in the pandemic, empowerment for coping with the struggle, challenges during the coping process and effects of the pandemic on life. Conclusions Nurses felt that their profession was sacred and valued by society, and comprehensive support had facilitated the process. Nurses had difficulty in managing their fear of infecting others and adapting to many new elements, the learning process and a lack of understanding of their role as team members. The nurses attending to the pandemic have experienced the effects of COVID‐19 on their lives, such as psychological growth, psychological symptoms and being labelled as high risk. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses would be further empowered by government and society's support and acceptance of professionalism in nursing. The findings suggest that the resources for the psychological support of nurses in the pandemic should be increased. Regular and intensive training for nursing is necessary to promote adaptation and efficacy in crisis management.

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Background:The paradigm is a vital concept steering the development of a scientific discipline. Paradigms that shape the education, research, and practice steps of a discipline are defined as metaparadigms.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of nursing students regarding metaparadigms in nursing at Akdeniz University in Antalya, Turkey.Methods:This was designed as a descriptive phenomenological study, and data were collected from 13 fourth-year students who were chosen via a purposeful sampling method and interviewed face-to-face using a semistructured format. Data were analyzed using the data analysis steps of Giorgi, who is an expert in descriptive phenomenological studies.Results:Most of the participants in this study associated nursing with humanism. Some of the participants stated that a fundamental building block of the nursing profession is conscience, whereas others stated that nursing is a way to touch people's lives and is now regarded as a professional practice. It has been reported that students have difficulties identifying metaparadigms in nursing and that they believe that human beings have the potential to widen their horizons with wisdom and social skills. According to the participants, the health metaparadigm refers to the harmony between human beings and their environment and to the autonomy of the individual. Moreover, the participants emphasized the well-being of individuals.Conclusions/Implications for Practice:The participants in this study characterized humans with well-being, transcendence, adaptation and interaction skills with their environment, and harmony beyond physiological mechanisms, which was considered to be promising for the perception of future nurses. It is recommended for nursing educators to enable their students to raise their professional awareness and to internalize professional values.

Aim: To find out the level of death anxiety and depression level among Turkish elderly people. Methods: This research was carried out on 106 elderly people aged 60 years and older from three different nursing homes. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and correlations were used for the analyses. Results: The 25.4% of elderly were between 65-69 years old, and included most of the elderly who were male (83%), single (92.5%) and retired (35.8%).The overall mean on depression was 14.43, and the death anxiety was 7.57. Mild depression was found in 69.8%, and no symptoms of depression were reported by 16% of the subjects. A positive correlation was found between total score of GDS and TDAS (r: 0.304, p<0.01). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals working with elderly people in nursing homes should be aware about death anxiety of the elderly.

GİRİŞGebelik kadının yaşamında meydana gelen önemli geçiş süreçlerinden biridir (1). Bu süreç kadın için mutluluk verici bir olay olmasına rağ-men, kadınlar için biyo-psikososyal dengenin, aile ve iş rollerinin değiştiği, yeni sorumlulukların edinildiği, yeni role uyumun sağlandığı bir kriz dönemi olabilmektedir (2, 3). Gebelikte meydana gelen değişikler gebede yük, kaygı, stres oluşturabilmekte, gebeliğin endişe ve depresyon ile sonuçlanmasına sebep olabilmektedir (4, 5).Gebelikte psikososyal sağlık birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir (3,5,6). Kadının gebelikteki psikososyal sağlığı; kadının eğitim düzeyi, sosyoekonomik durumu, geçmiş gebelik ve doğum deneyimleri (7), çocuk sayısı, gebeliğin planlı olması, eş ile ilişkisi (2), ailedeki bireylerin gebeye karşı tutumları (8, 9), annenin geçmiş ruhsal hastalıkları, çevredeki olumlu olumsuz rol modelleri, kadının gebelik konusunda doğru ve yeterli bilgisinin olmaması (5), düşük öz saygı, sosyal izolasyon ve algıladığı sosyal destek gibi birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir (10, 11). AbstractObjective: This descriptive study was conducted to examine the relationship between the psychosocial health status and the fear of birth in healthy pregnancies. Methods: The study included 226 healthy pregnant women in their 28th to 40th gestational weeks. The personal information form Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale, and Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ExperienceQuestionnaire (W-DEQ) were used for data collection. For evaluating the data obtained, percentage distribution, averages, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare data (p<0.05). Results:The average score of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) was 79.95±17.33, and the mean Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale score in pregnancy was 3.02±0.29. There were no effects of some variables on psychosocial health in pregnancy such as the education level, working status and having pre-pregnancy health problems. However, it was determined that the number of living children, the type of family, and information on birth in gestation had an effect on pregnancy psychosocial health status. While there was no significant difference between fear of childbirth and parity, it was determined that there was a significant difference between fear of childbirth and having a pre-pregnancy health problem, getting birth information. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the psychosocial health status and the fear of birth in pregnancy. It has been suggested that this study should be supported with new studies due to insufficient studies on the subject.

The overall aim was to explore the prevalence and persistent regular prescription of opioids and paracetamol among nursing home (NH) residents with dementia at admission and over time. A total of 996 residents with dementia, mean (SD) age 84.5 (7.6) years and (36.1% men), were included at admission (A1). Yearly assessments were performed for two years (A2 and A3) or until death. Pain was assessed using the Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia-2 (MOBID-2) Pain Scale. Information regarding prescription of analgesics, general physical health, personal activities of daily living, severity of dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and prescription of psychotropic drugs was collected. A generalized linear mixed model was used to explore whether pain severity was associated with persistent and persistent prescription of opioids and/or paracetamol across timepoints. At A1, 495 of 996 (49.7%) NH residents were prescribed analgesics and prevalence increased at the follow-ups (A2: n = 630, 65.1%; A3: n = 382, 71.2%). Paracetamol was the most frequently prescribed analgesic at all assessments (A1: 45.5%; A2: 59.5%; A3: 67.1%). Opioid prescriptions were quite prevalent (A1: 18.1%; A2: 25.1%; A3: 28.3%), with odds approximately 13 times (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 6.8–26.0) and 9 times (OR = 8.6, 95% CI 3.7–20.3) higher for prescription at follow-up A2 and A3, respectively, relative to prescription at A1. In adjusted analyses, higher pain intensity and poor physical health were associated with prescription and persistent prescription of opioids and paracetamol. In conclusion, prevalence and persistent prescription of analgesics were high in NH residents with dementia. The odds for the prescription of opioids at follow-up were high if prescribed at baseline. Interdisciplinary collaboration, routine assessment of pain at admission and regularly thereafter, and systematic drug reviews are essential to adequately assess and treat pain in NH residents with dementia.

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