The use of energy derived from fossil raw materials as conventional primary source of energy has led to environmental pollution climate changes. The need for other alternative sources such as energy derived from wind, solar and biofuel has become necessary. This research investigated the generation of biogas from three types of wastes: Sugarcane bagasse, Cow dung, and chicken droppings wastes using three different biogas plants. Batch operation was carried out and the daily gas produced from each digester was monitored for the retention period of four weeks at the ambient and slurry temperatures. The digesters were charged differently with these wastes in the ratio of 1:3 wastes to distilled water. The ambient temperature ranges within the retention period were 17-29 0 C and a slurry temperature range of 19-32 0 C. The result showed that chicken droppings had the highest cumulative biogas yield of 3228.3cm 3 ; cow dung had 2816.6cm 3 and sugarcane bagasse had the least cumulative production of 681.4cm 3 within digestion period of 30 days. The qualitative test of the generated gas showed that, cow dung has superior quality for biogas production with the highest methane content of 61.3% over the sugarcane bagasse (57.2%) and chicken droppings (47.6%). The bacterial enumeration for chicken droppings was discovered to have highest count of 28.7 x 10 5 cfu/g than cow dung and sugarcane bagasse with 21.2 x 10 5 cfu/g and 2.1 x 10 5 cfu/g respectively. Cow dung was discovered to have the highest total solid content of 84.74% while sugarcane bagasse had the least (8.67%). The utilization of these waste stockscould bean alternative option for energy source and wastes treatment.
Bacteria, especially members of the genera Bacillus and pseudomonads express surfaceactive compounds that are useful in biotechnology. Studies have shown that biosurfactantexpressing strains are rapidly isolated from both soil and water environments that are either contaminated or uncontaminated. The aim of this research is to isolate a large collection of surfactants expressing pseudomonads and to screen and characterised them for biosurfactant production. In this study, bacterial strains were isolated from Dundee Botanic Garden (United Kingdom) soil using pseudomonas selection agar supplemented with centrimide, fusidin and cephaloridine media (PSA+CFC) that select only pseudomonads. The isolates where screened for liquid surface tension reducing ability (LSTRA) using the drop-collapse assay before characterising the key strains using different metabolic and growth-based assays including their antibiogram. At least 30 key strains were identified from a collection of 58 isolated strains and further studied for diversity. A total of 27 assays were conducted to ascertain the phenotype of the 30 keys strains. All the 30 strains (100%) tested positive for catalase and glucose utilisation, while 28 (93%) tested positive for oxidase and KB* broth culture acidity. Also 22 (73%), 26 (87%) and 18 (60%) were found to be positive for swarming, swimming and twitching motilities respectively, while 22 (73%) were positive for lipase, 26 (87%) for protease and 27 (90%) for gelatinase. Furthermore, 12 (40%), 2 (7%), and 9 (30%) were resistance to mercury, kanamycin and to nalidixic acid respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of phenotypic characterisation data confirmed that these strains were a diverse group of pseudomonads.
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