INTRODUCTIONUrinary tract infections (UTIs) refer microbial colonization of the urine and tissue invasion of any structure of the urinary tract (Aminu and Aliyu, 2015). Bacteria are most commonly responsible although yeast a viruses may also be involved 2014). Females are believed to be more affected than males except at the extremes of l because bacteria can reach the bladder more easily in women, partially due to the short and wider female urethra, and its proximity to the anus (Oleghe et al., 2014). Available scientific information indicates that bacteria easily travel up to the urethra from the rectum and thereby causing infection, of interest, is the fact that urinary tract infections in pregnancy increases during the gestational period, beginning from the sixth week of the first trimester and peaking in the 22nd to week of the second trimester (Turay 2014). At this period, approximately 90% of pregnant women develop ureteral dilatation which remains until delivery, leading to increase in bladder volume and decreased ABSTRACT Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection caused by the presence and replication of microorganisms in the urinary tract. UTI pathogens associated with pregnant women attending Federal Medical Center, Katsina. The research was a prospective study conducted among 126 antenatal attendees. Urine microscopy and culture technique were conducted for each participant. Statistical analysis of data was done using Graph Pad Prism Statistical software. Twenty participants had asymptomatic bacteriuria giving a prevalence of 19.8%. However age (P=0.66), educational status (P=0.19) and settlement (P=0.91) are not statistically significant. While tribe and gestational age (trimester) are found to be statistically significant (P = 0.02). Staphylococcus aureus is found to be the most prevalent organism (40%), followed by coagulase negative Staphylococcus (32%) and the least is Eschericia coli (4%). However, comparison between Hausa and Yoruba had shown that Hausa tribe has more chance of infected with Asymptomic bacteriuria during pregnancy and high risk thanYoruba tribe! Therefore, UTI has the potentiality to pose serious life threatening consequences when left untreated. This is more likely to be the case where access to or availability of timely and appropriate medical intervention due to inadequate numbers of health care providers.It is therefore, recommended that pregnant women should be subjected for urine laboratory screening for the detection of UTI during the first trimester and treatment follows immediately for the positive results.
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the developing countries and the seventh commonest cancer in the developed countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now known to be the main factor in the aetiology of cervical cancer with over 99.7% of cases being associated with previous high risk HPV infection. The aim of the research is to determine the risk factors and incidence of oncogenic human papilloma virus among women of reproductive age in Daura. This was a cross-sectional prospective study involving a total of 120 women. Questionnaires were administered to collect data such as socio-demographic and possible risk factors. Endocervical swab and serum samples were then collected from the participants. Samples were analyzed by Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay and Pap smear respectively. The findings of this research revealed and overall high seroincidence of 36.6% as well as significant difference between seroincidence rate of pregnant and non-pregnant women. The findings also revealed that 10-20 age groups had the higher seroincidence rate of (50.0%) with no statistical significant difference between age groups. None of the sociodermographic factors involved in the research show significant association with HPV infections. The result by type of marriage shows that similar seroincidence rate was obtained in both monogamy and polygamy forms of marriage (36.7%). The study also reveals that risk factors like sexual partners, HIV status and sexual debut are significantly associated with HPV infection (P<0.05). Sixty (60) participants show normal cytole under microscope with prevalence of 50.0% and those with abnormal cytole had prevalence of (16.7%) while lowest prevalence of (3.3%) was obtained from participants with high squamous intraepithelial lesions. These results demonstrate a high seroincidence of HPV infection among women in the study area. We recommend improved education regarding HPV and cervical cancer among the populace and increasing cervical cancer screening particularly to attendees of antenatal care to prevent HPV related morbidity and mortality. Keywords: HPV; Cervical cancer; Endocervical swab; Seroincidence
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