Early and accurate laboratory diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia as well as assessment of its severity which include among other parameters; blood glucose concentration are very important in the management of children with complicated malaria. In this study, the conventional thick blood film examination was used to detect malaria parasitaemia, while enzymatic colorimetric glucose-oxidae technique was used to estimate blood glucose level. A total of (450) chlidren were assessed for malaria and hypoglycaemia due to malaria over a period of five months in paediatrics ward of General Hospital Katsina, Nigeria. From the results obtained, 380 (84.4%) children had primary diagnosis of malaria and 113 (25.1%) of the malaria positive children were hypoglycaemic on the first day of admission. Highest incidence of malaria and hypoglycaemia due to malaria were recorded in children between the age of 2-5 years with 37.3% and 9.3% respectively. Lowest incidence of malaria and hypoglycaemia due to malaria were recorded in children between the age of 11-15years with 9.3% and 3.3% respectively. Although apparently there was difference in the number of males and females found to be malaria positive as well as hypoglycaemic, chi-square (χ 2) test at P≤0.05 showed no significant difference. Questionnaire analysis in this study showed that high incidence of severe malaria leading to hypoglycaemia in children could be attributed to poverty, malnutrition, inadequate management of uncomplicated malaria in the health centres as well as late arrival at the hospital. Early laboratory and clinical diagnosis, correct treatment and improved quality management are key strategies for malaria control.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a leading indication for gastroscopy and a common cause of serious complications among patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Ethnic variability, gender and geographical locations are some of the factors that determine severity index and complications of GERD. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a reliable method used in confirming clinical suspicion of GERD. This study aimed to determine the endoscopic correlation of clinical presentations and frequency of complications among patients with clinical diagnosis of GERD referred for gastroscopy. Hospital-based cross sectional study conducted between 1 st January, 2013 to 31 st December, 2016. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical diagnosis of GERD were evaluated alongside endoscopic findings. Endoscopic findings of oesophagitis, strictures, Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma were classified as endoscopy positive while those with symptoms but with normal endoscopic finding were classified as endoscopy negative or Non-erosive reflux Disease. One thousand, five hundred and ninety seven patients were referred for gastroscopy within the study period of which 226 were GERD (14.2%) using the self-administered questionnaire. One hundred and seven (47.3%) were males, with M: F ratio of 1:1.1. Mean age 38.5, SD± 13.1, and range of 15-75 years. The peak age occurred within the fourth decade of life (32.7%). One hundred and seventy seven (78.3%) were endoscopy positive, while 49 (21.7%) were endoscopy negative GERD. Los Angeles grade B was the highest prevalence 41.2%. GERD is not uncommon in our study and younger age groups are particularly more affected. Erosive esophagitis is the commonest complication encountered.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulation abnormalities- disordered hemostasis and high thrombotic risk. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the clotting profiles between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Conventional coagulation tests such as Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) were used to determine the coagulation in the respondents. Fifty (50) samples were collected for the test. Out of these samples collected, twenty five 25 were positive for COVID-19. Age group 61-70 had the highest percentage of positive cases 40% while age group 41-50 had the least percentage of positive cases 4% respectively. Concerning gender, males had the higher number of positive cases 15 than their female counterparts 10. All epidemiological and clinical data were collected; analyzed and comparative results were carried out. The presence of history of previous diseases was more among COVID-19 patients than non-COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients showed similarities in body temperature, catarrh, headache, sore throat and sputum, but the presence of heavy cough was observed among COVID-19 patients. The clinical laboratory results showed significant difference (p<0.05) and positive correlation were found among the PT (0.17), APTT (0.12) and INR (0.08) between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients. These results are indications that there is need for more research in this area of study to know the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 virus among patients. Keywords: Coronavirus, Prothrombin, Patients, Thromboplastin
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