Results: Mean PSQI score of women with normal PSG evaluation was 12.00±3.16, while it was 11.00±2.32 in women with abnormal PSG evaluation (p=0.466); 59.7% (n=40) of women had poor sleep quality. Among these, 11 (64.7%) had abnormal results in the PSG evaluation and were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS); 54.5% had mild OSAS, 27.3% had moderate, and 18.2% had severe OSAS. PSQI and PSG evaluations would give a chance to demonstrate sleep problems and shed a light on treatment options according to the underlying causes of sleep disturbances in menopause. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2015; 16: 149-52) Keywords: Menopause, sleep disturbance, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, polysomnography Received: 27 April, 2015 Accepted: 07 June, 2015 Available Online Date: 14 July, 2015 Evaluation Abstract and at our city's State Hospital were enrolled in the study between January 2014 and November 2014. Menopause, as a retrospective diagnosis, was determined as the perpetual cessation of menstruation with 12 months of amenorrhea because of the loss of ovarian hormonal activity without other underlying reasons (5). Before enrolment, the content of the study was explained to the patients and written approvals with an informed consent were gathered from them. The local ethical committee of the Düzce University School of Medicine approved the study. Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, including the characteristics of menopause, were recorded via face-toface interview with an open questionnaire. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the subjective sleep quality in all patients. This questionnaire is self-rated and evaluates sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month period. It has 19 individual items with seven "component" scores: subjective dysfunction. The scores of each item of the index vary between 0 and 3. Total score of these seven components makes one score of 0-21. A total score >5 indicates insufficient sleep quality. PSQI of ≤5 indicates good sleepers, while PSQI of >5 corresponds with poor sleepers (6). Patients with a PSQI of >5 and who accepted this noninvasive procedure were referred to the sleep laboratory of our university and underwent an overnight PSG evaluation (Alice 5 Sleep System, Philips, Respironics, Pennsylvania, United States) to confirm the existence of sleep disturbance objectively. PSG consists of a simultaneous recording of multiple physiological parameters, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), oral and nasal air flow cannula, thorax and abdomen movements, body position, snoring, and pulse oxymeter. At least 6 hours overnight PSG records were obtained for each patient. The all-night PSG sleep records were manually scored in a computer program. Apnea was defined as the complete lack of or an airflow reduction of >90% through the mouth and nose. Hypopnea scoring criteria defined as an airflow reduction of at least ≥30% for 10 seconds associated with oxygen desaturatio...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis, which may have estrogenic effects, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury not only in male rats but also in intact and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. Six groups were formed: untreated males (n = 8), treated males (n = 9), untreated intact females (n = 9), treated intact females (n = 10), untreated ovx females (n = 10), and treated ovx females (n = 8).An alcoholic extract of a single dose of propolis (200 mg/kg) was administered orally daily for 14 days. Thirty minutes of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion were performed. Blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias (ventricular premature contraction[VPC], ventricular tachycardia [VT], ventricular fibrillation [VF]), and myocardial infarct size were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were measured. The untreated females showed more resistance to mI/R injury than the untreated males, as evidenced by lower duration, incidence, and score of arrhythmias, and smaller infarct size (p < .05). After ovx, this resistance disappeared. Propolis improved these values in treated males and treated ovx females (p < .05). Propolis increased TAS in treated males and decreased TOS in treated ovx females as well as elevated SOD in all treated groups (p < .05). Propolis decreased E2 level in treated intact females; however, it increased E2 level in treated ovx females (p < .05). The results revealed that propolis could protect the heart against mI/R injury in males and ovx females. Practical applicationsIt is known that the female heart has an increased sensitivity to myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (mI/R) injury due to estrogen deficiency and/or estrogen deprivation following menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries. Propolis has the potential to mimic estrogen under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as its antioxidant property. The results indicated that propolis decreased myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia score, arrhythmia duration, and incidence in ovariectomized female rats and male rats. In addition, the present results demonstrated that an alcoholic

Background: Osteosarcoma; is one of the most common malignant tumors. Nowadays, because of the many side effects of cancer drugs, the usage of herbal medicine which can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells by their antioxidant compounds is increased. Objectives: In the present study anticancer effect of Tilia dasystyla and Polygonatum orientale Desf different extracts on osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cancer cell line was investigated and their polyphenolic compounds were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The cytotoxic effect of these extracts on Saos-2 cell line and identification of their phenolic compounds have not been reported so far. Methods: Cancer cell lines were provided from Department of Biological Sciences, Bursa University, Turkey. Different concentrations of the methanol, ethanol, and diluted water extracts (0.5-5 mg/mL) were tested on Saos-2 cell line. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. For the investigation of total phenolic compounds of T. dasystyla and P. orientale Desf extracts LC-MS method was applied. Results: According to the results diluted water extracts on the Saos-2 cancer cell line showed more cytotoxic effect than other solvents. The lowest IC50 value was 0.58 ± 0.01 mg/mL within 72 hours belonged to T. dasystyla water extract. Conclusions: Tilia dasystyla and Polygonatum orientale Desf extracts contain some polyphenolic compounds which showed cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cancer cell line. The full potential of these herbal extracts is yet to be realized by further studies on animal models and subsequent trials.

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