Objectives Although there are many reports about risk factors for

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This study showed that the use of dental implants in patients with fibula flaps is an appropriate and successful option for dental rehabilitation, even in those with risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, and irradiation. Implant placement in irradiated grafted bone seems to be a high-risk procedure.

The pathogenesis of BRIOJ remains unknown; however, there seems to be a role for Actinomyces, and possibly other pathogens, in the development of osteopathology of the jaws, which is not exclusive to bisphosphonate therapy. This study supports the hypothesis that an infectious component is of utmost importance for the pathogenesis of BRIOJ.

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A maximum rise of mean temperature to 1.68 degrees C in closest vicinity to the pulpal chamber and the morphological unaltered dentine surfaces demonstrate the safe and tissue preserving character of the superpulsed 9.6 microm CO2 laser. The laser caused an even lower temperature rise than conventional drilling. Moreover, the laser showed acceptable efficacy with ablation rates that did not significantly differ from the conventional dental drill.