Background

PurposeIn the modern anthropometry of complex structures, such as the face, different technical approaches for three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition have become increasingly more common. Results of meticulous evaluations have demonstrated a high level of precision and accuracy under both ideal and clinical circumstances.However, the question remains regarding which level of accuracy is adequate to meet clinical needs. Aside from the measuring technique itself, potential sources of error need to be identified and addressed. Involuntary facial movements in the subjects potentially influence clinical reliability. Materials and Methods The 3dMDfaceTM system was used in a clinical setting to investigate the influence of involuntary facial movements. Other factors of influence were systematically excluded. The mean technical error of the system (0.09 mm) was investigated in a previous study and taken into account for interpretation of the data. ResultsThe handling of the system was unproblematic for both data acquisition and data analysis. Including technical error and the influence of involuntary facial movements, the mean global error was 0.41 mm, with a range from 0.00 mm to 3.30 mm. Taking into account the technical error of the system known from the previous study, involuntary facial movements account for a mean error of 0.32 mm. ConclusionsThis range of involuntary facial movements clearly exceeds the known technical error of the utilized 3D photographic system. Given this finding, future 2 research should shift its focus from the analysis of the technical aspects of such systems to other influencing factors.

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The precision and accuracy of this five-pod 3D photosystem suggests its suitability for clinical applications, particularly anthropometric studies. Three-hundred-and-sixty degree surface-contour mapping of the craniofacial region within milliseconds is particularly useful in paediatric patients. Proper patient positioning is essential for high-quality imaging.

LNR is a prognostic tool in patients with a lymph node status pN0-pN2b. LNR remained significant even in patients with extracapsular spread, contrary to TNM status. With LNR, stratification for high-risk patients (higher than 6 % LNR) can be evaluated easily. We would suggest using LNR in the clinical routine.

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IntroductionSurgical removal of impacted third molars is maybe the most frequent procedure in oral surgery. Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a typical complication of the procedure with incidence rates reported at between 1 and 22%. The aim of this study was to identify factors that lead to a higher risk of IAN impairment after surgery. MethodA total of 515 surgical wisdom tooth removals having 3D imaging prior to surgical removal were retrospectively evaluated for IAN impairment, along with 3D imaging signs that were supposed predictors for postoperative IAN disturbance. Influence of each predictor was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsThe overall IAN impairment rate seen in this study was 9.4%. The low IAN impairment rate seen in this study -when compared to similar selected study groups in the literature of the pre-3D-imaging era -is indicating that the availability of 3D information is actually reducing the risk for IAN impairment after lower third molar removal.

This study showed that the use of dental implants in patients with fibula flaps is an appropriate and successful option for dental rehabilitation, even in those with risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, and irradiation. Implant placement in irradiated grafted bone seems to be a high-risk procedure.