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Oxidative stress (OS) is brought on by heat stress (HS), which weakens antioxidant defense and initiates OS. Since mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HS-mediated OS may be lessened by targeting mitochondria with particular antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the reproductive performance of goat bucks under HS conditions. Ten mature bucks were randomly separated into two groups and housed in an environment with a high-temperature humidity index (THI: 88.3 to 94.8; summer season). The first group (n = 5) got the baseline diet while the second group (n = 5) received supplemental oral CoQ10 (3 mg/kg BW; CoQ10 group) daily for six weeks. Testicular blood flow parameters (TBF), testicular volume (TV) and echogenicity (TE), nitric oxide (NO), seminal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and semen quality traits were all measured. The examinations started a week before (W-1), on the first supplementation day (W0), and weekly for eight consecutive weeks (W1-W8). There were marked (P < 0.05) increases in TBF (W3-W6) and TV, and a decrease in TE (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group compared to the CON group. Similarly, testosterone (T) and NO levels (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. The CoQ10 group demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in seminal CAT (W4-W8) and TAC (W2-W6) activities and decreases in ALT (W4-W7) activity and MDA (W5-W8) concentration as compared to the control group. The CoQ10 group showed improvements (P < 0.05) at W3-W6 for sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology and at W6-W8 for sperm concentration. In conclusion, oral CoQ10 supplementation improved testicular hemodynamics, testosterone production, semen quality, and antioxidant capacity in goat bucks during summer heat stress conditions.

The current study aimed to assess the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics in postpartum (pp) Egyptian buffaloes and their relation to steroid hormonal levels (progesterone and estrogen). Six multiparous buffalos with normal calving were examined by using trans-rectal Doppler sonography to assess the blood flow in ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian and uterine arteries. Doppler parameters viz. peak systolic velocity (PSV), blood flow volume (BFV), resistance (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured at 1st till 6th postpartum weeks. In addition, diameters (mm) of the ovarian and uterine arteries and the vascularisation area (mm2) of ovary were determined. The blood samples were collected starting from 1st week post calving and every week thereafter following each ultrasound Doppler examination for assay of progesterone and estradiol. Results indicated that PI and RI increased consistently and significantly (P<0.05) till the 6th week post calving as compared to those recorded at 1st week in ipsilateral ovarian and uterine arteries. However, the blood flow volume and peak systolic velocity in both ovarian and uterine arteries decreased gradually from 1st week till the 6th week after calving. There were very strong positive correlations between PSV and BFV, in both ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian and uterine arteries. Blood concentrations of progesterone were lower (P<0.05) during the first four weeks than those recorded at 5th and 6th postpartum weeks. This trend was reversed for blood estradiol 17-β. The results of the present investigation concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is a suitable tool for assessing changes in ovarian and uterine perfusion during the puerperium.