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Scorpion stings are a public health problem in south and southwest Iran. There is little information regarding climatological effects on incidence of scorpion stings in Iran. Therefore, the present systemic survey of scorpion sting data was conducted from the point of view of entomo-meteorological relationships and analyzed statistically for the Dezful area in Khuzestan, southwest of Iran. The time series analysis was implemented using MINITAB version 16 statistical software packages. In total, 3,755 scorpion sting files from the Dezful health centers were monitored from April 2007 to September 2011 in a time series analysis. The results showed that temperature had significant effects on scorpion sting. From the data of this study, it is concluded that the scorpion activity in Dezful County is a climatological-dependent phenomenon.

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Ti:Cu 3 N thin films were deposited on Si(111), quartz, and glass slide substrates by DC magnetron sputtering in molecular nitrogen ambient. The structural properties of Ti:Cu 3 N thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD measurements show diffraction band with peaks close to the (100) and (200) diffraction lines of cubic antiReO 3 structure of Cu 3 N. The Ti:Cu 3 N nano-crystalline size is in the range 22-27 nm. Lattice constant expansion reflects Ti incorporation causing the excess nitrogen to occur. Surface morphology shows that the N richness suppresses the grain growth. The optical absorption spectra indicate a remarkable shift to higher energies of the absorption edge due to higher N concentration and quantum size effect. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement shows interstitial N excess and Ti impurity produce shallow and deep levels, respectively. Thermal stability of the Ti:Cu 3 N films annealed at 300 and 400°C is improved in comparison with that of Ti free Cu 3 N films.

ZnO/TiO 2 core/shell nanorod arrays were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate via a facile sol-gel dip-coating process. Effects of solution pH for ZnO, annealing temperature, growth time and temperature on the physical properties of nanorods have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the prepared composite nanorods. XRD result revealed wurtzite structure of ZnO with a mixed anatase and rutile structure phase for TiO 2 . Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to study the chemical composition and optical properties of the films, respectively. Electrical resistivity of the films was also investigated. The optical and electrical properties of the bare TiO 2 thin film and core/shell composite were compared together. The results showed that owing to smaller band gap and lower resistivity, the core/shell structure as an electron transport layer for inverted photovoltaic devices is more suitable than bare TiO 2 thin film.

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