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Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (nY 2 O 3 ), one of the broadly used rare earth nanoparticles, can interact with plants and possibly cause plant health and environmental impacts, but the plant defense response particularly at the nanoparticle−cell interface is largely unknown. To elucidate this, Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells were exposed to 50 mg L −1 nY 2 O 3 (30 nm) for 12 h. Although 42.2% of the nY 2 O 3 remained outside of protoplasts, nY 2 O 3 could still traverse the cell wall and was partially deposited inside the vacuole. In addition to growth inhibition, morphological and compositional changes in cell walls occurred. Together with a locally thickened (7−13-fold) cell wall, increased content (up to 58%) of pectin and reduction in (up to 29%) hemicellulose were observed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in cell wall metabolism and remodeling were highly regulated in response to nY 2 O 3 stress. Expression of genes for pectin synthesis and degradation was up-and down-regulated by 31−78% and 13−42%, respectively, and genes for xyloglucan and pectin modifications were up-and down-regulated by 82% and 81− 92%, respectively. Interestingly, vesicle trafficking seemed to be activated, enabling the repair and defense against nY 2 O 3 disturbance. Our findings indicate that, although nY 2 O 3 generated toxicity on BY-2 cells, it is very likely that during the recovery process cell wall remodeling was initiated to gain resistance to nY 2 O 3 stress, demonstrating the plant's cellular regulatory machinery regarding repair and adaptation to nanoparticles like nY 2 O 3 .

Highlights d We evaluate whether China's protected area system is working to conserve pandas d Panda habitat is better protected inside reserves than outside reserves d Panda habitat is improving through time, although some threats have increased d High-performing reserves where panda numbers are increasing have better habitat

Understanding and predicting how species will response to future climate change is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we conducted an assessment of future climate change impacts on the distribution of D. involucrate in China, using the most recent global circulation models developed in the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC6). We assessed the potential range shifts in this species by using an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs). The ensemble SDMs exhibited high predictive ability and suggested that the temperature annual range, annual mean temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are the most influential predictors in shaping distribution patterns of this species. The projections of the ensemble SDMs also suggested that D. involucrate is very vulnerable to future climate change, with at least one-third of its suitable range expected to be lost in all future climate change scenarios and will shift to the northward of high-latitude regions. These findings suggest that it is of great urgent and significance to adaptive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on D. involucrate.

In this study, Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cell suspensions exposed to manganese ferrite nanoparticles (nMnFe2O4) or nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were analyzed for hormonal pathways. The...

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Theaceae is an important family in the phylogeny of angiosperm in China, which are potentially threatened by future changes in climatic and land use conditions. Therefore, understanding and predicting the isolated and combined effects of these two global change factors on Theaceae species is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we assessed the isolated and combined effects of climate and land use change on the distribution shifts of 95 Theaceae species under different future scenarios by comparing projections of three model configurations: (1) dynamics climate and constant land use variables; (2) constant climate and dynamics land use variables; and (3) dynamics climate and dynamics land use variables. We find that all the three types of models predicted range contractions for most of the 95 Theaceae species under all future scenarios. Moreover, we find that climate change has rather strong effect for most species while land use change has nonsignificant or weak effect on future species distributions, although both of these two isolated effects are highly variable across individual species. Finally, the combined effect of these two factors reveals that the land use change may amplify or buffer distribution shifts expected from climate change impact depending on species. These findings emphasize the importance of taking into account the large variability in response to land use change among Theaceae species when developing land‐based conservation strategies in a changing climate.

Climate change is one of the most pervasive threats to biodiversity globally, yet the influence of climate relative to other drivers of species depletion and range contraction remain difficult to disentangle. Here, we examine climatic and non-climatic correlates of giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) distribution using a large-scale 30 year dataset to evaluate whether a changing climate has already influenced panda distribution. We document several climatic patterns, including increasing temperatures, and alterations to seasonal temperature and precipitation. We found that while climatic factors were the most influential predictors of panda distribution, their importance diminished over time, while landscape variables have become relatively more influential. We conclude that the panda's distribution has been influenced by changing climate, but conservation intervention to manage habitat is working to increasingly offset these negative consequences.