Free-radical mediated injury occurring in the donor and during preservation is strictly correlated with immediate and long-term kidney function. It may also cause grafts to be prone to acute rejection.

The results tend to indicate that saliva may be a reliable alternative to plasma for monitoring levetiracetam concentrations. Levetiracetam can also be detected in human hair.

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Measurement of hair drug content may be a reliable biomarker of the history of drug exposure, allowing to assess patient long‐term compliance. Studies on correlations between antiepileptic drugs intake and their hair contents are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the history of levetiracetam administration and its content in rat hair in controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, the effects of levetiracetam on hair growth rate and body‐weights were examined. Three groups of 12 rats each were exposed to different schedules of levetiracetam administration (10 mg/kg i.p.: every 24, 48 and 72 hours) for 30 days. The control group received daily saline injection. Levetiracetam concentrations in hair were assessed by validated LC‐MS/MS method. The mean hair concentrations were as follows: 300 (±100), 170 (±60) and 130 (±80) ng/mg for rats receiving levetiracetam every 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The levetiracetam accumulation in the hair was correlated with the total number of doses received (r = .699, P < .001). Levetiracetam did not affect the hair growth rate and rat body‐weight. The concentration of levetiracetam measured in rat hair represents a reliable marker. It may reflect the adherence to levetiracetam treatment; however, further studies on human beings are needed.

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