Aim: To investigate the third generation optical coherence tomography (OCT3) findings in patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: A prospective observational case series, including 15 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis in at least one eye evaluated at a single centre. Vitreoretinal morphological features at baseline and changes within a 24-week follow-up interval on OCT3 were evaluated. Results: The active ocular toxoplasmosis lesion was classified clinically as punctate (n = 6), focal (n = 6) or satellite (n = 3). Retinal layers were hyper-reflective at the active lesion site, and some degree of retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillaris/choroidal optical shadowing was seen in all patients. In general, the retina was thinned at the active lesion site in eyes with punctate lesions and thickened in eyes with focal and satellite lesions. When detected by OCT3, the posterior hyaloid appeared thickened. While focally detached over punctate lesions, the posterior hyaloid was partially detached, but still attached to the lesion in focal and satellite lesions. Additional findings (not detected on clinical examination) include diffuse macular oedema (n = 6), vitreomacular traction (n = 3) and maculoschisis (n = 1). During follow-up, a decrease in retinal thickness and focal choriocapillaris/choroidal relative hyper-reflectivity were observed at the former lesion site, and posterior vitreous detachment progressed/occurred in all patients. Conclusion: OCT3 enabled identification of morphological features underestimated on clinical examination in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis, which may expand the clinical spectrum of the disease. Further studies are needed to verify the relevance of OCT3 in assisting with the diagnosis and management of ocular toxoplasmosis.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To characterize the active retinochoroiditis lesion observed in patients with the classic clinical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) utilizing spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT). Methods: Twenty-four patients with OT and satellite lesions underwent standardized ophthalmologic examination and multimodal fundus imaging. The SOCT findings observed at presentation were described. Results: The mean age of the fourteen (58.3%) women and ten (41.7%) men was 27.6 years. The mean LogMAR ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity was 0.58 (Snellen equivalent, 20 ⁄ 80 +1 ). On SOCT evaluation, the posterior hyaloid was diffusely thickened in 23 (95.8%) of 24 eyes, increased hyper-reflective signals in the vitreous were observed in 18 (75.0%), and vitreal spherical hyper-reflective depositions were observed in 12 (50.0%) eyes. In all patients, at the active OT lesion site, the inner retinal layers were abnormally hyper-reflective with fullthickness disorganization of the retinal reflective layers (smudge effect); associated choriocapillaris ⁄ choroidal optical shadowing was observed in 22 (91.7%) eyes. The retina was thickened in 22 (91.7%) eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane reflective complex was focally increased or contained focal splits in 16 (66.7%) eyes and the choroid appeared thickened in 17 (70.8%) eyes. Disorganization of the outer retinal highly reflective layers adjacent to the active OT lesion was observed in all eyes. Conclusion: Full-thickness disorganization of the retinal reflective layers, generally associated with some degree of posterior optical shadowing, was observed in the active OT lesion in all patients. The posterior hyaloid was often thickened and, adjacent to the OT lesion, the outer retina was consistently altered.

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PURPOSE.To evaluate the eye-tracking-based follow-up (EBF) function in the reproducibility of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT).METHODS. Thirty healthy subjects were imaged on an Fd-OCT device at the same visit by two examiners. Peripapillary circular scans in ''high-speed'' (HS) mode with the ''automatic real time'' (ART) set at 16 and in ''high-resolution'' (HR) mode with the ART off were obtained without and with the EBF function activated.RESULTS. Mean (6SD) global RNFL thickness was 105.1 (69.5) lm on HS mode and 105.4 (69.6) lm on HR mode. Interobserver analysis for global RNFL thickness revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) greater than or equal to 0.96 for all but the HR mode without the use of EBF function (ICC ¼ 0.73). Intraobserver analysis for global RNFL thickness revealed an ICC greater than 0.98 for all but the HR mode without the use of EBF function (ICC ¼ 0.86). The interobserver and intraobserver analyses revealed the lowest ICC values for the temporal region on both HS and HR modes. Higher ICC values were obtained with the HS mode and when the EBF function was activated, particularly when using the HR mode.CONCLUSIONS. The EBF function had no influence in the reproducibility of the global peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements in healthy subjects on HS mode with ART on. However, reproducibility of the global RNFL thickness measurements on HR mode as well as of the temporal and temporal superior regions in both HS and HR modes was greater with the EBF function. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is a clinical diagnosis which may be supported by positive serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M and/or IgG titers. Classically, it is manifested by necrotizing retinitis with secondary involvement of the choroid and vitreous. 1 New imaging modalities have aided in the diagnosis and management of intraocular inflammatory diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for micron-level resolution of the retinal and choroidal anatomy. Recent published OCT studies have described structural changes in the vitreous, retina, and choroid at the site of active toxoplasmosis lesions. 2 The purpose of this study was to determine whether the submacular choroidal thickness is also affected in cases of active cases of isolated, extramacular toxoplasmic lesions.The study protocol followed the Tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained. Eyes with a history of vitreoretinal surgery, laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injections, refractive error exceeding AE4 diopters, or other retinovascular abnormalities were excluded.All patients completed a full ophthalmic evaluation including a dilated examination and imaging at each visit. All patients were

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